交际英语中的how

how的语言交际功能很强。现将初中英语教材中用how进行交际的用法归纳如下，供同学们学习时参考。

一、how意为“如何、怎么样”，可用于以下场合：

1. 初次见面时相互问好。例如：

―How do you do？你好！

―How do you do？你好！

2. 询问健康状况。例如：

―How are you？你(身体)好吗？

―Fine，thank you. 很好，谢谢。

―How is your grandfather？你爷爷(身体)好吗？

―He’s fine/OK/well，thanks. 他很好，谢谢。

3. 询问做事的方式、手段。例如：

―How do you usually go to school？你通常怎样去上学？

―I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公共汽车去上学。

―How did you get here？你是怎样到这儿来的？

―This little girl brought me here. 这个小女孩带我来的。

―How do you keep in touch with Tom？你是怎样与汤姆保持联系的？

―By sending e-mails. 通过发电子邮件。

4. 征求意见。例如：

―How about seeing Beijing Opera？去看京剧怎么样？

―That sounds great. 好极了。

5. 询问天气。例如：

―How is the weather today？今天天气怎么样？

―It’s fine. 天气晴朗。

6. 询问情况。例如：

―How’s it going？近况如何？

―Pretty good. 相当好。

―How are you getting on with your classmates？你和你的同班同学相处得怎样？

―I’m getting on well with them. 我和他们相处得很好。

―How is your study these days？近来你的学习情况怎么样？

―I’m good at all the subjects. 我各门功课学得都很好。

7. 询问程度。例如：

―How do you like this place of interest？你觉得这个景点怎么样？

―I like it very much. 我非常喜欢。

8. 对事物的评价。例如：

―How were the beaches？你觉得海滩怎么样？

―They were fantastic. 好极了。

―How do you like the action movie？你觉得这部动作片怎么样？

―It’s very exciting. 非常激动人心。

二、how意为“多么”，引起感叹句。例如：

How interesting the book is！ 多有趣的书啊！

How well he sings！ 他唱得多好啊！

三、用how构成的短语进行交际，有以下用法：

1. how old意为“多大”，询问年龄。例如：

―How old is your uncle？你叔叔多大了？

―He’s forty-five (years old). 他四十五岁了。

2. 询问数量。

① how many意为“多少”，后面跟可数名词复数。例如：

―How many photos do you have？你有多少张照片？

―I have four. 我有四张。

② how much意为“多少”，后面跟不可数名词。例如：

―How much milk is there in the bottle？瓶子里有多少牛奶？

―There is only a little in it. 只有一点点。

3. how much意为“多少”，询问价钱。例如：

―How much is the sweater？买这件毛衣得多少钱？

―It’s 30 dollars. 30美元。

―How much are the shorts？买那件短裤得多少钱？

―They are 50 yuan. 50元钱。

4. how long意为“多长”，询问物体的长度。它也表示“多久”的意思，询问(某动作或状态)持续了“多长时间”。例如：

―How long is the table？这张桌子有多长？

―It’s about 2 meters long. 大约两米长。

―How long have you lived here？你在这儿住多久了？

―For 23 years. 23年了。

5. how tall或how high意为“多高”，询问人或物体的高度。例如：

―How tall is your teacher？你的老师身高是多少？

―He’s about 1.8 meters tall. 大约一米八。

―How tall is the tree？那棵树有多高？

―It’s around 20 meters tall. 大约20米高。

―How high is the building？那幢楼有多高？

―More than 50 meters high. 有50多米高。

6. how heavy意为“多重”，询问重量。例如：

―How heavy is the bag？这个包有多重？

―It’s 20 kilometers heavy. 有20公斤重。

7. how far意为“多远”，询问距离。例如：

―How far is it from your home to the school？你家离学校有多远？

―It’s about 2 kilometers. 大约两公里远。

―How far is your hospital from the post office？你们医院离邮局有多远？

―It’s about 5 minutes’ walk. 步行大约得五分钟。

8. how often意为“多长时间(一次)”，询问动作发生的频率。例如：

―How often do you go home？你多长时间回一次家？

―Once a week. 一周一次。

9. how many times意为“多少次”，询问动作发生的次数。例如：

―How many times have you been to Beijing？你去过北京几次？

―Three times. 三次。

10. how soon意为“多久之后”，对“in + 段时间”提问。例如：

―How soon will your husband come back？你丈夫多久才能回来？

―He’ll come back in 3 days. 他三天以后回来。

试题精选：

1. (2007河北省)_______ pretty your dress is！ Where did you get it？

A. How B. How a

C. What D. What a

2. (2007吉林省) ―The blue jacket looks nice on you._______ is it？

―It’s 50 dollars.

A. How many B. How much

C. How long D. How often

3. (2006安徽省) ―It’s hot today. How about going swimming after school？

―_______！ Let’s ask Daniel to go with us.

A. That’s OK B. Best wishes

C. Good luck D. Good idea

4. (2006广东省) How many_______ are there in the international village？

A. Chinese B. Russian C. American

5. (2005杭州市) ―Hello！ I haven’t seen you for years.

―Oh，John._______？

A. How are you B. How do you do

C. How about you D. What are you

6. (2006福建省) ―_______do you study English？

―By listening to tapes.

A. How B. Where C. When D. Why

7. (2006昆明市) ―How was your day off，Gloria？

―It was_______. I had a fantastic time.

A. terrible B. so-so C. awful D. great

8. (2007广东省) ―_______will you stay in Shenzhen for your holiday？

―For about two weeks.

A. How often B. How long

C. How soon D. What time

9. (2007云南省课改实验区) ―Hi，Mike！ How’s it going？

―_______. Everything goes well.

A. Terrible B. Just so-so

C. Pretty good D. Too bad

10. (2007威海市) ―_______is the train station from the post office，do you know？

―About twenty-minute bike ride.

A. How much B. How long

C. How soon D. How far

11. (2003宁夏回族自治区) ―How do you get on with your classmates？

―_______.

A. Very well B. Well done

C. That’s OK D. I’m well

12. (2007临汾市) ―I wonder_______.

―Once a year.

A. how long you have studied English

B. how often your school sports meeting is held

C. how many times your school has held Art Festival

13. (2005云南省) ―Hi，Mary._______？

―Not so well. I can’t keep up with the other students.

A. How long have you studied chemistry

B. Who is teaching you chemistry

C. How is your chemistry study going

14. (2006兰州市) ―How do you like the movie？

―_______.

A. It’s wonderful B. What about you

C. No，I don’t like it at all D. I’d like to see it tomorrow

15. (2007潍坊市) ―_______do you go shopping with your mother？

―I seldom do that.

A. How soon B. How far

C. How often D. How much

16. (2006北京市) ―John has hurt his leg.

―Really？_______？

A. Who did that B. How did that happen

C. What’s wrong with him D. Why was he so careless

17. (2005甘肃省) ―_______will Mr Green be back？

―In a week，I think.

A. How often B. How many

C. How long D. How soon

18. (2004资阳市) I can’t say_______ I want to visit my grandma. It’s a long time since we met last.

A. how often B. how long

C. how soon D. how much

Key：1-5 ABDAA 6-10 ADBCD 11-15 ABCAC 16-18 BDD