支架内血栓与CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因多态性的相关性研究

时间:2022-07-10 12:52:11

支架内血栓与CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因多态性的相关性研究

[摘要] 目的 探讨冠脉介入治疗后支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19基因多态性的相关性。 方法 回顾性单中心研究,入选2000~2015年首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急性冠脉综合征患者120例,其中,冠脉介入术后支架内血栓形成(ST组)40例,对照组80例为冠脉介入术后支架内未形成血栓。给予充分氯吡格雷治疗后,进行基因多态性检测。 结果 CYP2C19*2基因分布(G/G、A/A、G/A)在ST组中为5例(12.5%)、30例(75.0%)、5例(12.5%),对照组为37例(46.2%)、42例(52.5%)、1例(1.3%);携带等位基因A突变率为87.50%比53.75%(P < 0.05)。CYP2C19*3基因分布(G/G、A/A、G/A)在ST组中为39例(97.5%)、1例(2.5%)、0例(0.0%),对照组为80例(100.0%)、0例(0.0%)、0例(0.0%);携带等位基因A突变率为2.5%比0.0(P > 0.05)。ST组与对照组相比低密度脂蛋白水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19*2基因突变有相关性,支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19*3基因突变关系尚不明确,低密度脂蛋白水平升高可以影响支架内血栓形成。

[关键词] 支架内血栓形成;氯吡格雷抵抗;CYP2C19基因多态性

[中图分类号] R541 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)08(b)-0079-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship of coronary intervention stent thrombosis with CYP2C19 gene polymorphism. Methods As retrospective single center study, a total of 120 patients with acute coronary syndrome from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected. 40 patients had coronary intervention stent thrombosis were taken as the ST group. 80 patients without stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention were taken as the control group. After the patients received adequate Clopidogrel pretreatment, all of them were accepted detection of gene polymorphism. Results G/G, A/A , G/A genotype frequencies of CYP2C19*2 were 5 cases (12.5%), 30 cases (75.0%), 5 cases (12.5%) in the ST group; which were 37 cases (46.2%), 42 cases (52.5%), 1 case (1.3%) in the control group; the mutation rate of A was 87.5% vs 53.75% (P < 0.05). G/G, A/A, G/A genotype frequencies of CYP2C19*3 were 39 cases (97.5%), 1 case (2.5%), 0 case (0.0%) in the ST group; which were 80 cases (100.0%), 0 case (0.0%), 0 case (0.0%) in the control group; the mutation rate of A was 2.5% vs 0.0% (P > 0.05). The level of low density lipoprotein had significantly statistically difference between the ST group and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent thrombosis has correlation with CYP2C19*2 gene mutations, but the relationship of stent thrombosis with CYP2C19*3 gene mutations is still unclear. Low density lipoprotein levels can affect stent thrombosis.

[Key words] Stent thrombosis; Clopidogrel resistance; CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)已经成为目前治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的主要手段。PCI后支架内血栓形成直接影响患者预后,增加死亡率及再住院率,对社会造成巨大的经济负担[1]。冠脉介入术后支架内血栓形成分为急性(1 d~1个月)、晚期(>1个月~1年)和极晚期(>1年)[2]。影响支架内血栓形成的因素较多,如支架贴壁不良、血液病、药物抵抗等,其中,氯吡格雷抵抗为主要因素[3],发生率为4.2%~27.8%[4]。氯吡格雷属于噻吩吡啶类药物,是一种前体药物,经过CYP转化成活性代谢产物。细胞色素P450 CYP2C19酶是氯吡格雷转化过程中的关键酶,故CYP2C19基因的多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗密切相关[5-7]。本实验回顾性分析支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19基因多态性的相关性。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本实验为回顾性单中心研究,入选2000~2015年首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院(以下简称“我院”)120例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者,其中,PCI后支架内血栓形成患者40例作为支架内血栓组(ST组),其他80例患者作为对照组,临床情况与ST组患者类似,既往诊断为ACS并行PCI后未发生ST及其他不良心血管事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、脑卒中、大出血)。所有患者年龄25~75岁。入选标准:ACS患者每日接受阿司匹林100 mg,氯吡格雷75 mg时间>3 d,并接受CYP2C19*2和*3基因检测;ACS诊断依据2007年ACC/AHA标准,其中包括不稳定性心绞痛(UA)、ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)、非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)。排除标准:对阿司匹林及氯吡格雷过敏者,出血或有出血倾向者,长期口服抗凝药物(如华法令等)者,存在抗血小板治疗禁忌者,重度贫血者(220 μmol/L),心力衰竭者(NYHA分级Ⅳ),严重免疫系统疾病者。本实验经我院伦理委员会审批通过。

1.2 基因多态性测定

患者服药至少3 d后抽取清晨空腹静脉血2 mL(EDTA-Na2抗凝)。标本送往我院检验科进行CYP2C19*2和*3单核苷酸多态性检测,检测CYP2C19*2和*3等位基因为野生纯合GG、杂合突变GA还是纯合突变AA。

1.2.1 全血基因组DNA提取 采用小量全血基因组DNA快速提取试剂盒从全血细胞中提取基因组DNA,通过裂解细胞、吸附及漂洗核酸、收集核酸三步提取DNA,保证DNA浓度为5~10 ng/μL,并采用1.2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行DNA完整性检测。所需试剂盒由北京Aidlab公司提供。

1.2.2 引物的设计与合成 在NCBI公共数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)中检索CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3并下载基因序列,采用Primer 5.0软件设计引物。采用上海生工生物工程有限公司所提供试剂合成引物。

1.2.3 PCR扩增目的片段 采用25 μL PCR反应体系进行DNA扩增,所需试剂由大连宝生物公司提供。PCR热循环反应括:94℃预变性,94℃变性、退火,72℃延伸及72℃充分延伸5步,共30个循环。采用PCR热循环仪MyGeneTM Series Peltier Thermal Cycler(杭州朗基科学仪器有限公司)进行目的片段扩增。不同SNP位点退火温度不同,见表1。

1.2.4 扩增产物测序 扩增反应结束后,产物采用2%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳,采用基因测序仪3730xl DNA Analtzer(美国AB公司)进行测序,采用Chromax软件输出结果。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 基线临床资料

临床资料比较显示,两组性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)水平差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05);ST组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2。

2.2 基因测序结果比较

2.2.1 CYP2C19*2基因测序情况 结果表3显示,两组间CYP2C19*2基因型分布存在差异。两组患者CYP2C19*2基因型等位基因基因频率对比显示,两组间CYP2C19*2等位基因基因频率及患者中突变基因携带率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),ST组CYP2C19*2等位基因的突变率高于对照组。见表4。

2.2.2 CYP2C19*3基因测序情况 结果表5显示,两组间CYP2C19*3基因型分布差异不大。两组患者CYP2C19*3基因型等位基因基因频率对比显示,两组间CYP2C19*3等位基因基因频率及患者中突变基因携带率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表6。

3 讨论

氯吡格雷是血小板表面P2Y2受体抑制剂,其吸收局限于小肠上皮的流出转运体P糖蛋白,吸收后85%经酯酶水解成带有羧基的活性代谢产物,15%经肝细胞色素P450系统代谢,其中,CYP2C19酶起主要作用[8]。CYP2C19基因编码CYP2C19酶。CYP2C19基因具有多态性,分为有功能性及无功能性变异。已有研究表明,氯吡格雷抵抗与CYP2C19基因多态性相关[9-12],但支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19多态性是否相关有待进一步探讨[13]。故本实验通过比较支架内血栓组与对照组,探讨CYP2C19基因多态性是否与血栓形成相关。

本研究中入选120例患者,通过对临床资料及CYP2C19*2和*3基因多态性检测对两组进行研究。本实验证实ST组CYP2C19*2突变基因A的携带率高于对照组(86.7%比53.3%,P=0.002)。已有研究显示,氯吡格雷抵抗患者心血管事件发生率增加[14-16]。由于CYP2C19突变可以降低酶的活性从而减弱氯吡格雷代谢从而引起血小板反应性增加,促使血栓形成[17]。本实验ST组CYP2C19*2突变率高,证实CYP2C19*2突变是支架内血栓形成的危险因素。本研究显示,ST组CYP2C19*3突变基因A的携带率与对照组比较无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。由于目前对于CYP2C19*3突变是否与氯吡格雷抵抗,乃至于支架内血栓形成有关尚存在争议[18-19],故本结论有待扩大样本后进一步研究。本实验临床资料分析表明,ST组LDL-C水平升高,提示LDL-C可以预示血栓形成情况,LDL-C可能与CYP2C19基因多态性相关[20]。

本研究作为单中心研究存在一定局限性,同时由于样本量受限,可能对结果造成一定影响,故有待于多中心大样本研究分析支架内血栓形成与CYP2C19基因多态性的相关性。

综上所述,由于支架内血栓形成的致残率及病死率较高,预防及减少支架内血栓形成势在必行。本实验结果显示,ST组LDL-C水平明显高于对照组,故控制LDL-C水平也许可以降低支架内血栓发生率。同时,ST组CYP2C19*2基因突变率较高,提示CYP2C19*2基因突变对支架内血栓形成的预测作用。但由于本实验局限性,故其作用机制有待进一步研究。

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(收稿日期:2016-05-10 本文编辑:程 铭)

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