全国英语等级考试(第二级)听力考试分析和应试对策

时间:2022-07-05 02:12:20

全国英语等级考试(第二级)听力考试分析和应试对策

《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》明确提出:要以培养语感,培养听的策略和获取、处理信息的能力为教学目的,训练学生排除口音、背景音等因素的干扰;抓关键词,听大意和主题;预测下文内容;理解说话人的意图和态度等基本听力技能。随着听力测试重新纳入浙江高考英语,分值占据了30分,听力成绩的好坏对考生的英语成绩乃至总成绩都有很大的影响。本文通过分析影响听力的主要因素,应对听力困难的对策、听力提高的微技能、听力应试的技巧和心理调试和常见听力试题设置特点,希望能提高学生的听力成绩。

一、影响听力的主要因素

众所周知,语言是有声的,而语音、语调、语速、语流对听力的理解会造成障碍,学生的词汇量不足对听力成绩的也有极大影响;在日常生活中学生缺乏英美文化和英语背景知识。听力理解不是一种单纯的语言信息的解码过程,而是一种解码过程与构建意义过程的结合。在这一过程中,听者的积极参与至关重要。

根据元认知策略认为:语言学习是学习者学习一门外语采取的管理步骤,如提前准备、选择性注意力、集中注意力、自我管理、监控学习过程。成功的听力理解与学习者对听力理解过程所做的成功监控有关。教师的任务:训练学生对听力理解过程的计划,监控和评估能力。

二、应对听力困难的对策

学生一定要克服心理障碍,尤其是当听力读音语速很快的时候;一定要加强语音词汇语法教学,只有过硬的语言功底才能应对要求越来越高的英语听力;我们要加强对英美文化的导入,只有通过广泛的阅读,接触到各种各样的英美文化知识,才能应对听力中的广泛的话题;要运用灵活有效的方法,这些方法包括连续性训练、关联性储备、充分性利用、综合性提高;提高听力必须有相应的词汇量;先听、精听、泛听、测听、后听;有恒、有序、有量、有效;要意识到提高听力必须花费大量时间;在平时的学习中要做到自学与老师指导相结合;要重视听力理解不成功者的情感特征,要减少他们的语言焦虑;在同步听力训练中要注重多样化训练;科学有效的材料的选用,目前我校就选用了《百朗听力风暴》、《维克多英语》等好材料进行听力训练。

三、英语听力提高的微技能

老师要夯实学生基础,加强语音训练(模仿、识别、朗读、背诵),尤其是对容易混淆的元音和辅音的甄别教学,对连读和弱读要有意识的引导学生关注;要循序渐进地教学要由教授单词到整合成句子,最后会成文章,提高语言的表达能力;要盯住学生的词汇,重视学生的通关能力;在教学中药尽快扩大词汇量,通过构词法、词根词缀构词法、联想记忆法等好的词汇记忆方法来扩大学生的词汇来那个;要尽量做到听说、听写、听读相结合,最大程度的多途径运用英语;可以教授适当的速记能力——缩写、字母图像、数学符号、逻辑符号。训练要有针对性,要针对学生的薄弱话题、题型、测试点等来进行突破;要提高语音识别和上下文猜字的能力;在听力训练中我们既听主旨又听细节,为了培养学生的耐久力;作为老师还需要专题训练丰富英美文化背景知识,只有知识面得到拓宽,学生才能在听力考试中取得好的成绩。要正确处理练习与考试的关系,逐步养成良好习惯,在平时的训练中,要有分数和时间意识。

四、英语听力应试技巧

1.学会听前抢读

具体做法:认真审题,对选项采取快速阅读的方法,运用略读的技巧,避免逐词逐句阅读。找出选项中的异同点,确定听音的重点。预测听力内容。

例1:Where did Jim live?

A. Next door to the woman.

B. In another town.

C. In the woman's house.

Script: M: Could you please tell me where Jim lives? W: At one time Jim lived next door to us, and now he is living in another town. But he still works here.

2.学会边听边记

用阿拉伯数字记数字,用字母代地名和人名,单词用缩写,句子记关键词等等。

3.学会听关键词

把注意力相对集中在实词上。注意意义转折、否定、和递进的词上。But,however,not,no,what's more,besides等。

4.学会科学的判断推理

(1)防止以偏概全

例2:What time is John supposed to arrive?

A. 8:00 B. 7:30 C. 8:15

Script: W: Where is John? He should be here by 8:00 for the meeting. M: His wife said he left at 7:30. I think he'll be here at 8:15.

(2)防止断章取义

例3:Where is the lake?

A. the east of the village.

B. the north of the village.

C. the west of the village.

Script: W: Excuse me, sir. Where can I get to the nearest village? M: Go straight along the road, and you'll see a small lake. The village is to the east of it.

(3)防止是似而非

例4:What is David going to do? Go home. Do his homework. Go to the park.

Script: W: David, are you coming with us to the park? M: No, I'm sorry, but I have to catch up with my homework.

五、心理调试

1.消除紧张心理

测试前的深呼吸有利于缓解紧张情绪。测试时,心情平静,心态放松,精力集中。测试时,保持全神贯注的状态,将视线落在试卷对应的题目上。

2.克服急躁心理

学会暂时放弃,学会自我暗示。

3.视线落点

控制好答题时间。即使遇到难题,也不可在一道题上花费太多时间。听到下道题号时,注意力必须立即回到录音上来。

六、常见听力试题设置特点

1.在全国英语等级考试(第二节)的听力试题中,有一定数量的题干中的考点是原材料中信息的同义转述或者反向转述,增加了设问的灵活性。

例5(2012年3月卷)3. What is the man angry about?(答案为A)

A. Telephoning while driving.

B. Some women drivers.

C. Traffic lights.

原文:M: It drives me mad when people use their cell phones at the wheel. W: Hmm. What happened?

M: I nearly had an accident because the woman was talking on her cell phone while driving and didn't see the traffic lights turn red. She nearly killed me.(原文中男性的第一句话It drives me mad…就引出了答案A。)

2.正确选项的设置,包括需要同义转述的正确选项和需要对信息进行概括的正确选项。

例6(2012年3月卷)20. What will the speaker probably do if he's stuck on the road?(答案为B)

A. Have a map ready.

B. Be understanding.

C. Change directions.

原文:Next time you are stuck in a traffic jam and feel mad, spare a thought for the taxi drivers who have to spend most of their working life in them.(B选项中的be understanding和原文材料中spare a thought for同义转述)

3.听力考试对学生能力考查特点分析

听力考试考查理解主旨、要义;获取事实性的具体信息;对所听内容作出简单的推断;理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。

(1)理解主旨、要义

常见的提问方式有:What's the conversation mainly about? What's the topic/theme of the talk? What are the speakers talking about?

例7(2011年3月卷)14. What are the speakers talking about?(答案为B)

A. Sea adventures.

B. Vacation plans.

C. Life at the Caribbean.

原文:M:Where are you going on vacation this year? W:Well, we were thinking about going on the voyage to the Caribbean Sea. It's a beautiful part of the world. M:It certainly is. I went on one last year. But the weather can sometimes be really bad. W:I know. I have been reading weather reports for the Caribbean on the Internet. They seem to have lots of storms. M:They certainly do. When we went on a voyage, we stopped at Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands. And both had been hit by storms two weeks before. You could still see a lot of damage. W:Well, if I decide to go, I'll just have to hope for the best.(原文材料只能怪的vacation、Caribbean、lots of storms、hit by storms、a lot of damage 可知是关于一个vacation plans)

(2)获取事实性的具体信息,分为直接获取和间接获取

例8(2011年9月卷)20. Who will go out of the building through the double doors?(答案为C)

A. The preschool children.

B. The third grade children.

C. The fourth grade children.

原文:Finally, the fourth graders and I, the three of you, please follow me down the hall through the double doors and to the other side of the building…(原文中的the fourth graders 和through the double doors可以直接获取答案C)

(3)对所听内容作出简单推断

常见的提问方式有:What is the man/woman doing? What will the man/woman do? Where does the conversation take place? Where are the speakers? When does the conversation take place? Who do you think the woman probably is? What's the probable relationship between the speakers?

例9(2010年9月卷)1. What do we know about the man?(答案为A)(此题为推测正在做的事情)

A. He's leaving the hotel.

B. He's making a phone call.

C. He's asking about room rates.

原文:W: Here's your bill, sir. M: Oh, thank you. Let's have a look at it now. Goodness, it's a lot more than I expected. W: Would you like me to explain anything, sir? M: Just a moment. Yes, what's this charge for $21.50 marked “J”?W: “J” is a charge for a long distance telephone call, sir. Did you make a telephone call that night? M: Yes. I remember now. Good heavens! We must have talked for a long time. And these ones, “L” for $32.40, and here's another, $9.50. What are they for?

(4)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度

常见的提问方式有:What can we learn from the conversation/ speakers? What does the man mean? What does the speaker want to tell us? What's the woman's opinion about the man's dress? How does the woman think about the man's way of working? Which word best describes the day the speaker had?

例10(2012年3月卷)4. What does the woman mean?(答案为B)(此题为揣摩说话者的言外之意)

A. She will choose the man.

B. The man was late in asking.

C. She may run for the position.

原文:M: Sarah, I'm prepared to run for class monitor and I'm wondering if I… er… if I can count on your support? W: Oh, maybe if you had asked me sooner. But my roommate is running, too, and I've already promised her that she had my support.

通过对以上材料的分析,我们不难发现听力水平的提高是一个反复实践的过程,需要长期的艰苦的训练才能见到成效。教师多学生的听力成绩的提高要分析影响听力的主要因素,应对听力困难的对策、听力提高的微技能、听力应试的技巧和心理调试和常见听力试题设置特点。只有弄清楚这些东西,才能引导学生走出听力难以提高的困境,提高听力成绩,为将来学生的英语口语的交流和跨文化交际打下良好的基础。

【参考文献】

[1] 教育部. 普通高中英语课程标准(试验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社,2003.

[2] 罗之慧. 高中学生英语听力发展的教学策略,《中小学外语教学(中学篇)》,2011年第8期.

(作者单位:浙江省安吉县昌硕高级中学)

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