谈英语阅读中的猜词技巧

【摘要】 猜测词义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型,主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。如何培养学生高考阅读理解猜词能力是教师阅读教学的重要任务,也是学生急待掌握的一种主要的学习策略。

【关键词】 猜词技巧 语境 对比线索 构词法

【中图分类号】 G423 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1006-5962(2012)06(a)-0029-02

猜测词义题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。如果考生具备了较强的猜词能力,那么对于降低生词率,排除阅读理解中生词的干扰和最终提高阅读速度和解题能力都有极大帮助。因此,今天我们来谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。

一、了解高考英语阅读理解猜词题常用命题形式

高考英语阅读理解猜词题常用以下形式来命题:

1.The underlined word in the passage means _______．

2.The word "it(them)"in the first paragraph refers to_______．

3.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _______

4.Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “……” ?

5.What does(do)the underlined word(words)refer to？

6.According to the passage, “……” probably means _______.

7.The author uses the word “……” to mean _________.

8.The underlined word/phrase/team “……”means _________.

9.The word “……” in paragraph ……refers to _________.

10.What does “……” in the second paragraph stands for?

二、如何培养学生高考阅读理解猜词能力

(一)利用上下文语境线索、准确猜测词义

掌握一定的猜词技巧、利用上下文提供的情景和线索猜词是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是近年来高考考查的热点。众所周知,英语阅读材料中的每个词都不是孤立的,每个词都要与其前后的词语、句子甚至段落发生着千丝万缕的联系。教师在平时的阅读训练中应及时向学生传授一些阅读猜词的技能和策略,教会学生利用语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析从而推测出词义。例如:

(2011新课标全国卷C篇)Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income.So this year she did something more than a hobby:She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden,Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables.The family’s old farm house has become a chicken bourse,its residents arriving next month.

64.What does the word“residents”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A.chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people

分析 本题正确答案为Ａ．由前文The family’s old farm house has become a chicken bourse可知,家里的老房子已经变成了养鸡场,暗示下文its residents arriving next month中的指的是chickens。

(二)利用定义和解释性线索猜测词义

阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be,that is,mean,stand for,namely,to refer to,to mean,in other words,for example等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括弧来表示。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是在推断词义。

(2011湖北卷Ｂ篇)Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior．When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow．This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence．

58．“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_______．

A．howling is a signal for hunting

B．howling is a way of communication