浅谈八年级学生英语写作训练

时间:2022-06-01 11:26:00

浅谈八年级学生英语写作训练

在我国很多农村中学,由于各种因素的影响,学生学习英语显得很吃力。平常的学习测试中,书面表达题丢分较多。书面表达测试的是学生的语言交际能力和语言知识活用的能力。书面表达是综合性比较强的题型,从单词拼写到语法结构、从遣词造句到谋篇布局,对于基础差的学生来说很难达到。

在我所任教的班级里,大多数的学生在写作上出现的最大难点就是人称混乱,句子时态错误。学生们不会用,导致不敢写、乱写或不写。书面表达分值在中考试题中占的比例是五分之一,即三十分。因此,作为教师,我们必须尽早培养学生的写作能力。除了抓好早期的连词成句、连句成文训练以外,还可以通过范文仿写的方法,提高学生的写作能力。范文仿写是培养学生写作能力的一种有效途径。

范文即写作的样例,是学生独立写作或创作时用来参考、模仿的例文。为了让学生们理解并学会运用不同的人称和时态的表达,我常常选择一些比较容易操作的范文让他们用不同的人称和时态进行仿写和改写。在短期的训练中,取得了一定的成效。

在教学中,我发现一部分学生对于一般现在时第三人称的动词形式常常用错,我就让学生改写课本上的一些短文中的人称。比如下面的一篇以第一人称写的短文,我要求学生用第三人称单数来仿写。

原文:

Hi! I’m Tony. I don’t like to get up early. In the morning, I get up at eight. Then I go to school at eight thirty. I don’t have much time for breakfast, so I usually eat very quickly. For lunch, I usually eat hamburgers. After school, I sometimes play basketball for half an hour. When I get home I always do my homework first. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games. At ten thirty, I brush my teeth and go to bed.

学生们用第三人称作主语仿写为:

Hi! He(或His name、 My cousin ) is Tony.He doesn’t like to get up early. In the morning, He gets up at eight. Then he goes to school at eight thirty. He doesn’t have much time for breakfast, so he usually eats very quickly. Foe lunch, he usually eats hamburgers. After school, he sometimes plays basketball for half an hour. When he gets home, he always does his homework first. In the evening, he either watches TV or plays computer games. At ten thirty, he brushes his teeth and goes to bed.

这种仿写较适合基础非常差的学生,通过类似多次的人称仿写,学生们能够在动词第三人称单数的运用上有所进步并牢固掌握。

下面是一篇用过去时态写的原文,我要求学生们用一般将来时态仿写。

原文:

Last week I visited Beijing with my parents. I felt very excited because it was my first time to go there. On that day we got up very early. After a quick breakfast we got to the train station. At about five ,the train started. On the way I jumped up and down. We got to Beijing at about half past five. My parents took me to visit Tian’anmen Square first. There were so many people there. Some sat there and some played games. After that, We went to the zoo. I saw pandas, monkeys and deer there. The panda is my favorite. I like watching pandas in the zoo. At five in the afternoon we came back from Beijing. I was a little tired but very happy.

学生们用一般将来时态仿写为:

Next(既然是将来时态,就必须把Last改为Next)week I will visit Beijing with my parents. I will feel very excited because it will be my first time to go there. On that day we will get up very early. After a quick breakfast we will get to the train station. At about five ,the train will start . On the way I will jump up and down. We will get to Beijing at about half past five. My parents will take me to visit Tian’anmen Square first. There will be so many people there. Some will sit there and some will play games. After that, We will go to the zoo. I will see pandas, monkeys and deer there. The panda is(此处is不用改,因为作者喜欢熊猫是一般性的事实,要用一般现在时态)my favorite. I like(作者在动物园里喜欢熊猫也是一般性的事实,也只能用一般现在时态)watching pandas in the zoo. At five in the afternoon we will come back from Beijing. I will be a little tired but very happy.

当然,如果教师还需要训练学生“be going to”结构表达的一般将来时态,亦可以让学生用“be going to”的句型来仿写一遍。学生在练习仿写的时候,教师要求他们把凡是有时态的地方都用下划线画出来,这样,一目了然,加深印象。

对于仿写,可以让学生先尝试仿写课文中的短文、对话等比较简单的内容。一段时间下来,他们就会积累一些知识,不再满足于按部就班的套路,就会去寻找更多的仿写资源,写出不同风格的短文。八年级学生仿写的话题很多,比如:我的朋友、我的家庭、我的房间、我的一日三餐、我最喜欢的……一次开心的旅行、家乡的气候等。

当然,教师应该考虑到学生的形象思维和善于模仿的特点,选取的仿写材料必须要有针对性而且容易操作。教师要先引领学生探究、解读范文,提供可使用的句型结构和框架。教师可以把课本里、练习册上、报纸上好的短文挑出来,让学生先通过认真阅读,关注其写作技巧和方法,然后仿写,教师再进行批阅和点评。这样,不仅巩固了课本上的知识点,提高了阅读能力,而且这样的写作训练容易激起学生的兴趣。由于较容易操作,学生就会有成就感,就会主动地去尝试,不断地取得进步。

通过不断训练,学生会注意到汉语和英语不同的表达方式、句型结构以及语序,就能慢慢地将范文中的陈述性写作转化为自己的程序性写作知识,养成英语语言意识和英语思维习惯,最后达到灵活运用英语的目的。

(作者单位:贵州省大方县文惠实验学校)

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