例谈高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧

时间:2022-05-30 09:42:10

例谈高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧

【摘要】通过分析七选五阅读题,从命题特点、学生问题、解题步骤、解题技巧方面进行研析,旨在提供给学生一套提高七选五解题效率的实用方法。

【关键词】七选五阅读 解题技巧

一、引言

浙江省在2016年10月的高考英语试卷中增加了新题型――七选五阅读。顾名思义,要求考生根据所提供短文的内容(300词左右),从短文后所提供的七个选项中选出五个选项填入原文中的恰当位置。这一题型旨在考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。这给考生带来了较大的挑战,因为学生不熟悉英语逻辑思维,对于新题型的解读又缺乏必要的技巧。因此,笔者将以一些典型题目为例,分析七选五阅读的解题方法与技巧,帮助学生高效解题。

二、命题特点和学生常见问题

高考七选五所选材料通常是学生所熟悉的话题,一般为说明文。说明文又分为两类:有小标题类和无小标题类。解题时不仅要对所读文章的主旨大意、具体信息有所了解,还要把握整篇文章的结构脉络和作者的写作思路。笔者收集了学生做该题型的出错率并和他们交流后,发现学生的问题有以下几点:1.解读速度较慢。2.难以确定正确选项。3.较难排除多余选项。4.出现一错连错现象。

三、解题步骤

根据题型特点,结合学生问题,建议解读步骤如下:1.速读文章,预测大意、分析结构。2.结合选项,找出对应的关键词。3.看空前空后内容,分析之间的逻辑性。4.灵活掌握答题顺序,先易后难。5.研读多余选项,确定排除,杜绝连错。6.代入答案,再读文章,核查逻辑关系。

四、解题技巧

笔者通过分析研究近几年的高考真题和学生平常所做的练习题,总结出了关键词法(Keywords)、结构预测法(Foretelling)、逻辑关系法(Connection)三种解题技巧,统称为“KFC解题法”,方便学生记忆,并在提高学生的解题速度和准确度上起到了很好的辅助效果,有效地帮助了学生克服实际困难。

1.关键词法(Keywords)――锁定目标。在七选五阅读中,可以通过注意寻找空格前后的某些关键词与选项中是同一词汇、同义近义词、反义词、同一领域的词汇、指示代词或人称代词等,它们的重复出现,是解题时的重要突破口,帮助学生快速锁定目标选项。

(1)同一词汇。

例题:1. ...As a result, human developed a range of character types that still exist today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it._______.(2010课标全国卷I)

答案A. It all depends on your character.

解析:选项中和空格前都出现了character这一关键词。利用同词复现,结合句意,很快得到正确选项A。

(2)同义近义词。

例题:2. Riding a London subway, a person from China will notice one major difference: In London, commuters don’t look at each other.______. That is not rudeness―people are just too busy to bother looking.

答案B. In fact, eye contact is avoided at all the time.

解析:选项中的“eye contact”与空格前“look at each other”表达了相同的意思,属于同义表达。

(3)反x词。

例题:3. On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world. ______Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one’s school, family,…

答案B. However, there may be a number of disadvantages.

解析:该段落主要说明了海外生活的优缺点,利用“advantages”和“disadvantages”这组反义词,可以迅速找到答案。

(4)同一领域词汇。

例题:4. Curiosity: Your children need to be deeply curious. _____. Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. (2014课标全国卷I)

答案:A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

解析:从空格后“ingredients”和“pancakes”可以推断出选项应是“鼓励孩子cook”。这三个关键词属于同一领域词汇。

(5)指示代词或人称代词。

例题:5. _______. It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Before the terms end in some schools, the children act a nativity(基督诞生)or “birth” play, showing how Jesus was born in a stable(马厩)。

答案D. Christmas Day falls on the twenty―fifty of December.

解析:利用空格后“It is a very happy day”中的指示代词“It”作为线索,不难找到选项D中的“Christmas Day”正好是“It”所指代的。

2.结构预测法(Foretelling)――庖丁解牛。带着预测去阅读目的性更强,能够帮助学生更好的理解文本,也能够使阅读过程变得更有趣味性。在做七选五阅读时,首先要通读全篇,把握全文的结构脉络,站在一定的高度看问题,便能对问题做出预测,使问题迎刃而解,事半功倍。对于有小标题的篇章,可以采用“根据空格位置预测法”,对于无小标图的篇章,可以采用“思维导图预测法”。

(1)根据空格位置预测法。

例题:6._________

When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. (2010n标全国卷I)

答案A. Show your true interest.

解析:该空格位于该段落小标题的位置,可以预测是段落的主题句。根据段落关键词“show interest”不难概括出该段落主题句是选项A. Show your true interest.

例题:7. Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools._______. (2010课标全国卷I)

答案A. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.

解析:该空格位于段落末尾,而段落末尾通常是结论、概括性的语句。因此,根据预测,结合段落内容,可见选项A是对该段落的概括。

(2)思维导图预测法。

例题:(2013课标全国卷I)

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润) ―that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 . Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 .

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 . One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 . The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision

(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 75 .

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

解析:通过对篇章行文结构的分析,在解题前先画出如下思维导图,帮助做题:

上面的思维导图一目了然地呈现了篇章的结构脉络。根据该思维导图,可以轻松地预测出71题内容应该是讲“some/other businesses”的情况;73题和75题分别是“Planing”和“Control”的具体介绍;74题一定是以“The second”开头的句子。然后对照选项,答案便迅速浮出水面:

3.逻辑关系法(Connection)――逻辑思维。英语语篇通常使用大量的表达逻辑关系的连接词,逻辑关系十分显性,逻辑性很强。而中文语篇不使用大量的逻辑关联词,行文逻辑往往较为隐形。七选五阅读主要考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。而这往往是熟悉了中文行文逻辑的中国考生所缺乏的能力。以下例题分析如何通过关联词来理解前后文的意义,从而解决问题。

例题8. Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizer.______. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.(2013课标全国卷I)

答案:E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.

解析:该段落第一句的开头为“Some people”,第二句开头为“Others”,而选项E的开头为“Still others”,结合句意,这三句话构成了并列关系,因此E为正确选项。

例题:9. _________. However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called “Bollywood”

答案:C. Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollywood, in the United States.

解析:根据空格后的“However”可知前后句意必须要构成转折关系,而C选项与后文语意刚好相反,因此C为正确选项。

因此,做七选五阅读时,要擅于借助逻辑关联词来分析上文的语意关系,常见的关联词语有:

(1)表并列或递进关系:and, besides, in addition, moreover, either…or…, not only…but also等;

(2)表因果关系:because, for, since, so, therefore, as a result等;

(3)表转折与让步关系:but, yet, however, though, otherwise, while, on the contrary 等;

(4)表例证关系:such as, for example, for instance, namely 等;

(5)表对比关系:while, whereas, rather…than, instead of 等;

(6)表条件关系:if, only if, if only, unless, in case, as long as 等;

(7)表时间关系:when, before, after, as, meanwhile, at the same time 等。

五、结束语

“知己知彼,百战不殆”,针对学生困难,了解命题特点,科学总结解题步骤,探究解题技巧,便可从容应对七选五阅读理解题的考查。关键词法(Keywords)、结构预测法(Foretelling)、逻辑关系法(Connection)三种解题技巧,统称“KFC解题法”,是一套行之有效的实用技巧。三者技巧各有侧重,又有相互交叉融合的部分。另外,技巧只能起到辅助的作用,学生的英语阅读能力仍旧是解题的主导因素。因此,学生在解题时不能完全依赖技巧,而是要灵活地综合运用这些辅助的解题技巧,以提高解题的效率和正确率。

参考文献:

[1]陈静.中学英Z多元阅读的探究[J].学苑教育,2010(6):39.

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