全面剖析“定语从句”

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。例如:

I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐。

I know the man who is in black.我认识那个穿黑衣服的男人。

在上面的复合句中,画线部分就是定语从句。上面两句中的music和man 是定语从句修饰的词,把它叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面,对先行词起修饰限定的作用。

二、定语从句的分类

引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who ,(宾格 whom,所有格whose),这些关系代词不仅起一个纽带作用,而且又充当某个成分。 that可以指人或物;which只能指物。

在有些句子中,只能用that或who 其一指人,同时在指物时也只能用that或which 其中之一,不能同时使用。为了方便记忆我们要记住下面的顺口溜:

that which 可互换,

下列情况可照办。

that 情况比较多,

不妨对你说一说。

不定代词这一类,

全用that 准没错。

先行词前被限制,

千万不要用which。

要用which别着急,

介词提前逗隔离。

例如:1.All that live must die.(all 为先行词)

2.The house in which we lived is a swimming pool now. (which前有介词in)

3.He was the first person that got to the moon. (先行词被序数词修饰)

4.The table ,which I saw was a wooden one. (which前有逗号)

三、关系副词引导定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有where, when, why, 它们和关系代词一样是纽带的同时又是句子的一个成分。

1.where 指地点,在句子中做地点状语。

The place where you are standing is the highest point.

2.when 指时间,在句子中做时间状语。

I will never forget the day when I came here.

3.why指原因,在句子中做原因状语。

I know the reason why he can’t come.

总之, 定语从句在复合句中充当定语, 相当于一个形容词,修饰前面的先行词,它们是一个密不可分的整体。让我们在练习中来体验一下吧!

[练习]在定语从句中填入适当的关系词。

1.The school is a famous one in ___ her daughter is studying.

2.This is the reason ___ I want to go swimming.

3.The boy ___ bag is very big is Jim.

4.There is something ___ I want to drink.

5.I love singers___ write their own music.

Keys:1. which 2. why 3. whose4 .that 5 .that/who