辨析定语从句易错点及应对策略

在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词称为先行词。连接定语从句和先行词的词称为关系词。定语从句是高考重点，但它枝节繁多，不易掌握。下面我谨就几个角度去阐述定语从句的易错点。

一、谁为关系词定终身：

一般来说，where，when，why分别指代地点，时间，原因。但在实战中要慎重使用这三个关系词。来看一组例子。

1.This is the house where he lived last year.

This is the house that （which） he visited last. （ the house在定语从句中作visited的宾语）

2.We won't forget the days when we stayed with you.

Last winter， which I spent with my family， was the most exciting time I had ever had.（Last winter在定语从句中作spent的宾语）

3.The reason why she looks unhappy is quite clear.

Is this the reason which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？（the reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语）

关系词不能独立孤行，先行词决定关系词。所以分析出先行词在从句中所作的成分很重要。

小站练兵：

A. where B. which C. that D. when

1.Is this the museum they visited yesterday？

2.Is this the museum ____ they stayed yesterday？

3.It was in the museum ____ you dropped in that you saw many treasures.

4.He arrived in Beijing in 1984， ____ was important for him.

5.He arrived in Beijing in 1984， ____ he was already in his fifties.

Keys： B/CAAABD

二、多变as 有规律

1. as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作定语、表语或状语，构成the same…as，such…as， so…as， as…as等结构。

1）.she wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday.

（as作宾语，指代类似的两件衣服）

She wears the same dress that her sister wore yesterday.

（that作宾语，指代同一件衣服）

2）. I shall do it in the same way as you did.

（as作状语）我也该用你的方法做这件事。

3）. I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

（as作宾语）我想有一本他那样的字典。

4） This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.

这是我昨天借给你的那种书。（定语从句）

This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.

这是我昨天借给你的那本书。（结果状语从句）

2. as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前。as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，从句中的动词常是expect， know， see， think， want， suppose等.

As we all know， he studies very hard.

He won the match， as we had expected.

The police were looking for him， as he thought.

如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.

He cheated his friend of mach money， which was very disgraceful.

He came back late， which made his mother.

小站练兵：

A. as B. that C. which

1. He is such a good teacher ____ we all like.

2. He is such a good teacher ____ we all like him.

3. He is such a good teacher， ___ we all know.

4. He is a good teacher， ____ makes us respect him.

Keys： A B A C

三、whose 究竟是“谁”的？

whose既可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与of which互换。

I lost a book， whose title I can't remember now.

（whose title=of which the title=the title of which）

That’s the new machine C parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whose D. what

The old temple D roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D. whose

小站练兵：

A. its B. of which C. whose

1.She lived in the house ____ windows were broken.

2.She lived in the house ____ the windows were broken.

3.She lived in the house the windows ____ were broken.

4.She lived in the house and ____ windows were broken.

Keys： C B B A

四、性格迥异的从句家族

1.定语从句与强调句型的区别。

判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was ……that……”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。

It was about 600 years ago A the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when

该题填入that， 然后去掉It was ……that ……结构。About 6000 years ago， the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.意思清楚，语法结构完整，故它是一个强调句。

It was an exciting moment for those football fans this year， D for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when

填入when，引导一个非限制性定语从句，等于in which，意即in this year。整句意为“今年对于那些足球迷们来说，这是一个激动人心的时刻，多年来，这是他们的足球队首次夺得世界杯”。

2. 定语从句与状语从句的区别。

状语从句通常是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语。而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的。

Why do you want a new job D you've got such a good one already？

A. that B. where C. which D. when

选D，用when引导一个时间状语从句，全句为：“既然你已经得到了一份好的工作，为何还要找一份新工作呢？”

After the war， a new school building was put up B there had once been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

选B，用where引导一个地点状语从句，表示地方才对。该题的意思是：战后，在曾经是一所剧院的地方，人们又建起了一所新的学校。

3.定语从句与同位语（从句）的区别。

The decision that he made surprised us all.

是“他”所作的决定，而不是别人的决定，这是限制，所以是定语从句。

The decision that we should leave here at once surprised us all.

从句是指“决定”的内容，所以这是同位语从句。

Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment， B I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

选B，one作同位语，对an unforgettable moment作一个补充说明。该句意为：“这些年之后，见到我叔叔对我来说是一个难忘的时刻，一个我会永远珍惜的时刻。

五、考点拾贝

1.隔离定语从句

隔离定语从句是指先行词和定语从句之间被别的语法成分，如被状语等隔开了。

The film brought the hour back to me C I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

the hour是先行词，指物，when=in which，意即in the hour（在那段时光里）

He arrived in Beijing in 1984， D he became a manager， some years later.

A. there B. that C. when D. where

Beijing 是先行词，从句中已有时间状语some years later。

I’ve become good friend with several of the students in my school A I meet in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

several of the students 是先行词，in my school作状语，修饰several of the students。

2. 定语从句中谓语动词的数。

He is the only one of the students who D a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

先行词是the only one，因为定语从句谓语动词的数取决于先行词，故答案为D.

He is one of the students who C a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

答案C，先行词是one of the students。

3.介词提前。

The gentleman _____you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.

A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom

答案是B， 介词about和从句谓语动词tell构成tell sb. about……

In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person _____she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

答案是D， 引导词前面的介词to和从句的谓语动词构成turn to sb. for help短语。

The fireman told us the difficulty they had ___ the fire ___.

A. to get； under controlled B. getting； controlled

C. got； controlled D. getting； to control

答案是B。考查的是短语：have difficulty （in） doing sth.

总之，在学习定语从句时，要正确选用关系词，要分清限制性和非限制性定语从句，注意介词+关系代词的定语从句，注意隐蔽的插入语，谓语动词的数，还要了解定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句等的区分。当易错点规律被抓住，定语从句神秘的面纱也就即将被揭开。■