高效能液流储能电池新体系探索研究年度报告

摘 要：我国能源安全和环境污染形势严峻，需要加快可再生能源发展，必须解决高效规模储能技术才能实现稳定供电。液流电池是规模蓄电的首选电源，在电网调峰、可再生能源发电的储能等方面具有巨大的应用前景，其开发对于可再生能源高效利用具有重要的现实意义。为弥补全钒液流电池体系面临的难题，该研究致力于研发液流电池新体系。该年度研究了全铅液流电池、锌镍单液流电池、锌溴液流电池及其材料性能，初步获得了液流电池新体系的设计规律。锌镍液流电池，研究了锌电极特性、正极衰减特性和电池模拟，研制了200 Ah的电池单体，组成了38V200Ah和38V600Ah电池系统，充放电能量效率分别达到79%和74%以上（约1/3C）。研究了倍率性能提升方法，80 mA/cm2电流密度下能量效率可到80%。研究了锌溴液流电池结构和性能，验证了1 kW/2 kWh电池系统，充放电能量效率达到75%（约20 mA/cm2）。研究了HBF4体系全铅液流电池性能，采用亚氧化钛、TaC等改进了正极，循环稳定性得到提高。申请了10项专利，发表了6篇文章。该研究基本完成了预期计划内容，获得了重要的阶段性结果，为后续的研究推进和成果产出打下了较好基础。

关键词：电池 液流电池 锌 电极

Abstract：Facing with situation of Serious environmental pollution and increasing tension in energy resources， it is necessary to accelerate the development of renewable energy. Thus efficient scale energy storage technology must be solved to achieve a stable power supply. Flow battery is the choice of scale battery for stabilizing renewable energy power supply， has great application prospect and important practical significance for renewable energy utilization. To make up the disadvantage faced by the vanadium flow battery system， our team is devoted to research and development of new flow battery systems. Zinc nickel flow battery， zinc bromide flow battery and all lead flow battery in HBF4 are studied by our team. The performance of these flow battery systems and the relationship with the activate materials are carefully investigated. For the zinc nickel Flow battery system， performance of zinc electrode and performance attenuation of the positive electrode have been studied， 200 Ah batteries are developed. A 38 V200 Ah and A 38 V600 Ah battery systems are formed and tested， charge and discharge energy efficiency of more than 79% and 74% are achieved， respectively （about 1/3 C rate）. A method for improvement of rate performance is proposed， and energy efficiency of 80% under current density of 80 mA/cm2 is obtained. For the zinc bromide flow battery system， structure and performance was studied， and a verified 1 kW/2 kWH battery system is structured； the charge and discharge energy efficiency of 75% （about 20 mA/cm2） is reached. For the all lead flow battery system， by adopting the Ti4O7， TaC and graphite as conductive materials for positive current collector， the cycle stability of the system was improved. Gratifying results， as 10 Chinese patents declared， 6 paper published， have been achieved. This subject has basically completed the expected plan content， gained important results， and a good foundation has been laid for subsequent research new achievements.

Key Words：Battery；Flow battery；Zinc；Electrode

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