浅谈阅读中“关键词”的妙用

英语阅读理解是中、高考必考部分，主要考查学生阅读速度及理解能力。关键词是一种很重要、很实用的阅读技巧。所谓关键词语，即文章中反复出现的，与主题有关的诸如名词、动词等实义词。冠词或介词等功能词均不在关键词之处。需要注意的是，为了避免同一词语的过多重复，文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、反义词或代词指代。关键词在阅读中的妙用主要在于，它能帮助我们快速地确定题目中所要求的具体信息的位置和理解文章的基本结构。在做阅读理解题时，关键词的使用通常遵循三个步骤。

1确定关键词

关键词有两种：一种是题目中的关键词，另一种文中所给出的关键词。通常我们认为关键词就是题目中或文章中最重要的某个词或多个词，如果改变它或它们，那么题目和整篇文章或整篇文章的某个部分将发生根本改变。

2利用关键词确定答案所在的大概位置

利用题目中的关键词可以确定答案在文中的大概位置，利用文中的关键词可以确定答案的大概范围。在文中找到题目中的关键词原词或同根词或近义词甚至是反义词。那么通常可以确定要找的答案就在该词之后的内容中，但有时也能在其之前的内容中，也就是说要就近寻找。

3仔细阅读关键词之前或后的内容最终确定答案

答案中哪一个最符合关键词之后或之前的内容的意思，哪一个就是最佳答案，而有时为了节省时间或在完全不理解答案和关键词之前或后的内容的意思时，我们就可以将含有最多关键词之后或之前的内容的选项作为最佳答案。

示例如下：

First Frenchman：I once heard someone shout，“Look out.” I put my head out of a window and a bucketful（满桶的）of water fell on me. It seems that“Look out”may mean“Don't look out”. Second F：I was once on a ship and heard the captain（船长）shout，“All hands on deck（甲板）.”I put my hands on the deck and someone walked on them.

Third F：I once went early to the doctor's and his nurse came to the door and said，“He's ont up yet，Come back in half an hour .” When I went again for him，she said，“he's not down yet.”I said，“If he's not up and he's not down，where is he？”

She said，“He's still in bed， When I say 'He's not up'.”“I mean he has not yet got up，so he has not yet come downstairs.”

1、when the first F heard someone shout，“Look out.”here meanss“”.

A、Put your head outB、Take care

C、Hurry upD、Help me

2、When the captain shouted，“All hands on deck.”what the meant is.

A、to put your bath hands on deck

B、to put your hands

C、to give your hands to me

D、that“All the sailors（船员）on deck”

3、when the nurse said，“He's not up yet.”She meant that.

A、he has not stood up yet

B、he has not yet got up

C、he has not worken up yet

D、he has not yet come upstairs

4、When the third F went back，the doctor.

A、was still in an upstairs room

B、was reading

C、was having his breakfast

D、was washing

5、Which do you think is the best title（标题）for the passage？

A、Threce Frenchmen

B、Three French storices

C、what a Ianguage！

D、The English Lanyuage

【答案与点评】

1、[选B]，根据短文第一段最后一句可以推断出look out有take care和be careful的含义，意为“当心”，故最佳答案为B。

2、[选D]，根据短文第二段最后一句，可把hands理解为“人员、船员、水手”，而不是手。故最佳答案为D。

3、[选B]，be up在口语中既可作“起床”，同时也表示“在楼上”。

根据短文最后一段中护士说的“‘He's not up’，I mean he has not yet got up”可理解了这位护士的真正意思是说：“医生还没有起床呢。”故最佳答案选B。