阅读理解之主旨大意题解题方法

摘 要：高考英语中阅读理解部分对于考生来说极难把握，而其中又以主旨大意题为最难，故笔者将以“阅读理解之主旨大意题解题方法”为话题和专家，教师以及学者们展开讨论。

关键词：高考英语 阅读理解 主旨大意题 解题方法

湖北高考要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息，考生应能：

（1）理解主旨和要义理解文中具体信息根据上下文推断句义

（2）作出简单判断和推理理解文章的基本结构理解作者的意图、观点和态度

一、主旨大意题常见设问方式

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的标题、主题设题。常见的主旨大意设问形式有：

1. 标题题型

The best title/headline for this passage is_________.

Which of the following is the best title？

What would be the best title for the text？

The text could be entitled__________

Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage？

Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage？

2.主题题型

The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.

The passage is mainly about __.

What is the subject discussed in the text？

What is the topic of the article？

This passage chiefly deals with________

With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned？

The passage is concerned primarily about__________

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？

二、解题指导

根据阅读理解对主旨大意的设问方式和主要测试点，在做主旨类考题时，可根据文章标题（title）和主题（subject）或中心思想（main idea）不同的提问方式分别采用以下策略。

1.理清层次关系，，选出最佳标题

标题归纳题三大原则：

首先概括要全面，其次标题要新颖，最后主题要明确。

一般说来，标题应该具有概括性针对性简洁性三个突出特点。其中概括性，是指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性，是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要内容；而简洁性， 则是指标题应言简意赅，能吸引读者的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。

失误点有四：1. 标题错误，以偏概全 2. 纠缠细节，忽视主题 3. 干扰相似，难解难分 4. 缺乏全面理解，顾此失彼

典例1

When you're lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera， the stresses （压力） of the world seem a million miles away. Hey， stop！ This is no vacation - yon have to finish something！

Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic （评论家） Edie Jarolim. “I always loved traveling and always liked to eat， but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere-in Arts and Antiques， in Brides， or in one of her three books. The Complete Idiot’s Travel Guide to Mexico's Beach Resorts.

Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada， she took a test for Frommer's travel guides， passed it， and got the job. After working at Frommer's， Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London， then Fodor's， where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.

Now as a travel writer， she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tueson， Arizona.

As adventurous as the job sounds， the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure， it's great to write about a tourist attraction， but you'd better get the local museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone's vacation.

Q： What would be the best title for the text？

A.Adventures in Travel Writing B.Working as a Food Critic

C.Travel Guides on the Market D.Vacationing for a Living

典例2

Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree， new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

A second study， looking at nearly 1，000 grown-ups in New Zealand， found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters （年轻人） may watch lots of TV.

Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood， compared with an average of more than 2？ hours for those who had no education beyond high school.

In the California study， children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest， while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.

While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores， it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms

Q： What would be the best title for this text？

A. Computers or Television

B. Effects of Television on Children

C. Studies on TV and College Education

D. Television and Children's Learning Habits

典例3

To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

Common sense is not all that common.

Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse？

These three popular misquotes（戏谑的引语）are meant to be jokes， and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err， or to make mistakes， is indeed a part of being human， but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this：“ To err is human， to forgive， divine（神圣的）.”This saying mirrors an deal： people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead， we tend to do the opposite find someone else to pass the blame on to. However， taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.

Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well， and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm， but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for mon sense does not seem to be common for large organizations， because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company， “the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”

And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art？ One of the common problems with making excuses is that people， especially young people， get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary（直接推论）to that： if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest then where is the place of the truth？

Q： What would be the best title for his passage？

A. A Mirror of Human Nature B. To Blame or to Forgive

C. A Mark of Maturity D. Truth or Excuse

实例演练（略）