著名惊悚小说的真实“取景地”

时间:2022-09-21 03:43:00

著名惊悚小说的真实“取景地”

有一些著名惊悚小说的故事发生地可以在现实中找到原型,这也许是因为现实中某个地方的气氛阴森恐怖得让人难忘,这也许是因为那里流传的故事引人入胜,作家因此获得了灵感,将这些地方和当地的故事融入小说中,营造了新的惊悚氛围。

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow1)

《睡谷的传说》

New York's Hudson River Valley was the backdrop2) for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, one of the earliest examples of ghost stories in American literature. Washington Irving, a native New Yorker, relied on local landmarks and the lore3) about them handed down from Dutch settlers who arrived some 200 years before the story was published in 1820.

The real action in Legend begins in what is now called Patriots Park; a monument marks the site where in 1780 three men captured British spy Major John André4) beneath a tulip tree. The bad vibes5) from the event lingered, according to Irving, and it was not far from the "fearful tree" that the unlucky Ichabod Crane first saw "something huge, misshapen6), black, and towering". That something of course was the infamous Headless Horseman7) who chased Crane to the Old Dutch Church.

The church still stands, amidst the small graveyard where Irving's ghostly Horseman would tie his black horse to the headstones8). The writer himself is buried in the adjacent9) Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, which offers tours of the real sites behind the legend.

《睡谷的传说》是美国文学中最早的鬼故事典范之一,其背景正是纽约的哈德逊河谷。这篇小说出版于1820年,此前约两百年前,一些荷兰人移居这里,流传下了关于当地一些地标景观的传说。而华盛顿·欧文这个土生土长的纽约人正是根据这些景观及其传说创作了这个故事。

《睡谷的传说》源自一个真实的事件,该事件就开始于如今的爱国者公园所在地,那里有一座纪念碑标示出了英国间谍约翰·安德烈少校于1780年在一棵郁金香树下被三个人抓获的地点。按照欧文的说法,少校被抓这起事件带来的不祥气氛一直挥之不去,而且就在那棵“恐怖之树”不远处,不幸的伊卡博德·克兰第一次看到了那个“奇形怪状、又高又大又黑的东西”。那个怪物自然就是将克兰一路追赶到老荷兰教堂的那个恶名昭著的无头骑士了。

这座教堂如今依然伫立在那个小小的墓园中,而欧文笔下的无头骑士的鬼魂就曾在这墓园的墓碑上拴过他的黑色战马。与之毗邻的睡谷公墓为游客们提供故事背后真实景点的观光服务,作家本人就长眠在那里。

Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》

Emily Bronte probably had two places in mind when she imagined Wuthering Heights, the haunted house in Yorkshire at the center of her only novel. The Heights' remote, windswept location could have been that of Top Withens, a ruined farmhouse that overlooks the moors10) south of her hometown of Haworth. The structure itself could have been based on Ponden Hall, a 19th-century manor11) house also near Haworth; the single-paned window on the second floor may well have been the one that Catherine Linton's ghost tried to climb through one wild, snowy night.

在埃米莉·勃朗特构思她创作的唯一一部小说中的核心场景——那座位于约克郡的鬼屋“呼啸山庄”时,她的心里也许想到了两处地方。呼啸山庄地处偏僻,受大风侵袭,这个地址可能取材自托普威森斯农庄,从这座破败的农庄可以眺望她的家乡霍沃思南边的旷野。而呼啸山庄的构造样式则可能来源于也位于霍沃思附近的一座19世纪的庄园——庞顿庄园。庞顿庄园二楼那扇单层玻璃的窗户或许正是小说中那个风雪交加的夜晚凯瑟琳·林顿的鬼魂试图爬进去的那扇窗。

Dracula12) 《德拉库拉》

The crumbling13) fortress14) sitting on a cliff above the Arges River was one of several used by Vlad Dracula, ruler of southern Romania in the 15th century and the man behind Bram Stoker's immortal (pardon the pun) vampire tale. The castle was in ruins when Dracula came to power. To restore it, the legend goes, he forced several hundred prisoners to ferry15) bricks and stones up the cliff along a human assembly line16).

The castle named Poenari is open to anyone able to climb the more than 1400 steps that lead to the summit. Once there, spectacular views of the Carpathian Mountains unfold from the battlements17)—the same ones that Dracula's wife jumped from in 1462 as she chose death over being captured by the Turkish army encamped18) below.

The castle Stoker described in his breakout19) 1897 novel was probably a composite20) of three. Of those, Poenari was the only one the real Dracula inhabited. He was imprisoned briefly in the second one, Bran Castle, also in Romania. And the third one is Slain's Castle in Scotland; Stoker stayed near Slain's for several years and reportedly was inspired by the grim21) Gothic building on the rocky east coast. It is in ruins now, while Bran is a museum.

在阿尔杰什河畔的一处峭壁上矗立着一座倾圮的古堡,那就是弗拉德·德拉库拉曾经住过的其中一座城堡。德拉库拉是15世纪罗马尼亚南部地区的统治者,也是布拉姆·斯托克笔下不朽的(原谅我在此处使用了双关语)吸血鬼故事中的人物原型。在德拉库拉掌权之初,该城堡已是一片断壁残垣。据传说,为了整修这座城堡,德拉库拉强迫数百名囚犯排成一列将砖石运上这处山崖。

任何人只要能爬上那1400多级台阶登顶,这座名为波埃那利的城堡都会开门迎客。一旦到了这里,你从城垛上就能一览喀尔巴阡山脉那壮丽的景色。1462年,德拉库拉的妻子正是从这里的城垛纵身跳下,宁死也不愿落入兵临城下的土耳其军队手中。

斯托克在这部创作于1897年、令他一举成名的小说中描绘的城堡很可能糅合了三座城堡的特征。其中,历史上真实的德拉库拉居住过的只有波埃那利城堡。第二座是布兰城堡,同样位于罗马尼亚,德拉库拉曾在这里被关押过一小段时间。第三座是苏格兰的斯雷恩斯城堡,斯托克在该城堡附近待过几年。这座城堡建在岩石遍地的东海岸,据说正是这座阴森恐怖的哥特式建筑激发了斯托克的创作灵感。现在,这里已经成了一片废墟,布兰城堡则成了一座博物馆。

The Hound of the Baskervilles 《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》

Richard Cabell was not a popular guy. Some said he was such a hellion22) that when he died in 1677, his neighbors built a sepulcher23) around his tomb in Holy Trinity's cemetery to make sure he couldn't get out; they even covered the actual grave with a heavy stone slab for good measure24).

Such precautions, however, did not prevent Cabell's hounds from surrounding the tomb at night, howling for their master to rise up and hunt with them across the moors of southern England. This legend grabbed the keen imagination of Conan Doyle when he visited Devon in the early 20th century, and he based one of his best-loved Sherlock Homes mysteries on those ghostly hunters. In his story, giant paw prints found next to the cruelly mutilated25) body of Sir Charles Baskerville led Holmes on a ghost-hunt.

Much of the 13th-century cemetery burned in 1992. But Cabell's vault26) is undamaged; peek through the barred windows if you dare.

理查德·卡贝尔可不是个受欢迎的家伙。有人说他一贯惹是生非横行乡里,以至于当他在1677年过世后,他的邻居们在他位于圣三一教堂墓园的墓地上又盖了一层墓室,以确保他无法从里边出来。此外,他们甚至还在他的墓穴外面又覆盖上一块厚重的石板。

不过,这样的防护措施却没能阻止卡贝尔的那些猎犬每晚守在墓地四周,嚎叫着呼唤自己的主人起来和它们一起到英格兰南部的荒原上狩猎。柯南·道尔在20世纪初造访德文郡时,这个传说激发了他敏锐的想象力。于是,他以这些幽灵般的猎犬为素材,写下了这个《福尔摩斯探案集》中最受欢迎的故事之一。在这个故事中,福尔摩斯在查尔斯·巴斯克维尔爵士残缺不全的尸体旁发现的巨大爪印引他开展了一场“捉鬼”行动。

1992年,这座建于13世纪的教堂墓园在一场大火中烧毁了一大半。但卡贝尔的墓穴却安然无恙,你如果够胆量,不妨透过窗户上的栅栏朝里面瞧瞧吧。

1. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:《睡谷的传说》,美国文学之父华盛顿·欧文(1783~1859)的代表作之一,讲述了从纽约来到“睡谷”的教师伊卡博德·克兰想要追求当地最富有的农场主女儿卡特里娜,却被卡特里娜的另一位追求者布罗姆扮成无头骑士吓得逃离“睡谷”的故事。(关于该小说的赏析可参见《新东方英语》2012年10月号)

2. backdrop [?b?kdr?p] n. 背景

3. lore [l??(r)] n. 全部传说

4. John André: 约翰·安德烈(1750~1780),英国的一名军官,在美国独立战争时被当成间谍处死。

5. vibe [va?b] n. [常作复数] (一地的)气氛

6. misshapen [m?s??e?p?n] adj. (尤指肢体)畸形的;奇形怪状的

7. Headless Horseman: 无头骑士。“睡谷”当地流传着一个无头骑士的故事。该骑士原先是一名为英国效力的雇佣兵,在美国独立战争中被炮弹打飞了脑袋,后被葬于当地一个教堂的墓地中。据说他的鬼魂常常骑着一匹黑马四处游荡。

8. headstone [?hedst??n] n. 墓碑

9. adjacent [??d?e?snt] adj. 邻近的

10. moor [m??(r)] n. 荒原

11. manor [?m?n?(r)] n. 庄园主宅第

12. Dracula:《德拉库拉》,爱尔兰小说家布拉姆·斯托克(1847~1912)于1897年出版的哥特式惊悚小说,讲述了一个名叫德拉库拉的邪恶吸血鬼的故事,是一部十分经典的吸血鬼小说。

13. crumble [?kr?mbl] v. 瓦解,崩裂

14. fortress [?f??tr?s] n. 要塞;堡垒

15. ferry [?feri] vt. 运送

16. assembly line: (工厂产品的)装配线

17. battlements [?b?tlm?nts] n. 城垛

18. encamp [?n?k?mp] vt. (使)扎营

19. breakout [?bre?ka?t] adj. 一炮打响的,非常走红的

20. composite [?k?mp?z?t] n. 合成物

21. grim [ɡr?m] adj. 可怕的,恐怖的

22. hellion [?heli?n] n. 惹是生非的人;恶少

23. sepulcher [?seplk?(r)] n. (尤指在岩石中凿出的或用石头、砖块等砌成的)坟墓

24. for good measure: 另外,作为外加的东西

25. mutilate [?mju?t?le?t] vt. 使残缺不全

26. vault [v??lt] n. 墓穴

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