定语从句考点归纳与训练

【专题导航】

2013年高考在考查定语从句时主要考查了四个方面：1.关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose作主语、宾语和定语的用法，如上海卷、江苏卷、湖南卷、福建卷、山东卷、重庆卷；2.关系副词where作地点状语的用法，如全国卷Ⅱ、北京卷、四川卷、江西卷、浙江卷；3.关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容的用法，如安徽卷、陕西卷、天津卷、山东卷；4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，如浙江卷、辽宁卷。另外，定语从句的分隔现象也应引起考生的注意。

考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句

当先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分时，选用关系代词引导定语从句。指人用who（宾格用whom）或that，指物用which或that，作定语时，则不管指人还是指物，都可用whose引导。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如：

①Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who / that在从句中作主语，代替先行词the man，故从句中谓语动词用单数形式。）

②Please pass me the book whose （of which the） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮书。（whose 在从句中指物，作cover的定语，它还可以同of which the互换。）

③A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。（which / that在句中作主语）

④The package （which / that） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

关系代词that和which都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：

1.引导非限制性定语从句时，通常只用which。例如：

He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。

2.直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常只用which。例如：

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.他干活用的那个工具叫作锤子。

3.当先行词是much, little, none, all, few, every（thing）, any（thing）, no（thing） 等不定代词或受其修饰时，通常用that。例如：

①There was little that the enemy could do but surrender.敌人无法，只好投降。

②All / Everything that can be done must be done.凡能做的事都必须做。

4.当先行词受the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。例如：

①This is the only example that I know.我知道的例子只有这一个。

②Those are the very words that he used.那是他的原话。

5.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词（包括last, next等）等修饰时，通常用that。例如：

①This is the best dictionary that Ive ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

②The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

6.当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。例如：

China is not the country （that） it was. 中国已不是过去的样子了。

7.当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。例如：

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

8.当要避免重复时。例如：

Which is the course that we are to take?我们选哪门课程？

【典例1】Finally he reached a lonely islandwas completely cut off from the outside world. （2013年山东卷）

A. when B. where

C. whichD. whom

【解析】C。句意为：最后他到达了一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which。.

【典例2】When he was a child, Jack studied in a village school,is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where

C. whatD. that

【解析】A。句意为：还是孩子的时候，杰克在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A项。

【典例3】The old templeroof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.

A. whereB. which

C. its D.whose

【解析】D。句意为：那座屋顶在暴风雨中损坏的旧庙现在正在维修中。先行词是the old temple，所填关系词在从句中作roof的定语，用关系代词whose。其余选项与题意不符。

考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语，分别用when, where, why表示时间、地点、原因作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

①Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

②Thats the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。

③Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

近几年高考热衷于考查关系副词where，并且有时先行词不是表示具体的地点，而是“模糊化的地点”。 例如：

①We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

②He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

③I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。

【典例1】Many countries are now setting up national parksanimals and plants can be protected. （2013年北京卷）

A. whenB. which

C. whoseD. where

【解析】D。句意为：目前许多国家设立国家公园，在那儿的动物和植物可以被保护。因为主句完整，所以判断本题考查定语从句。又因为从句主干成分完整，所以空格处应填关系副词，而空格前是地点，故选择where。

【典例2】Because of the financial crisis, days are gonelocal 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

A. ifB. when

C. which D. since

【解析】B。句意为：因为金融危机，地方五星级宾馆一夜要价6000元的日子一去不复返了。这是一个分隔式定语从句，先行词是days，在定语从句中充当时间状语，故选when。

【典例3】The reasonIm calling you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.

A. because B. why

C. for D. which

【解析】B。句意为：我给你打电话的原因是要告诉你星期六有个晚会。定语从句中主干完整，先行词the reason在定语从句中作原因状语，故选why。

考点三：关系代词as和which引导的非限制性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which可指代整个主句，也可以代替主句的一部分内容，相当于and this或and that。例如：

①As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。

②The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳为地球提供热量，这对于我们非常重要。

关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。

1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。

引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as引导的定语从句常含有这些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。例如：

①The famous magician LiuQian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。

②There is a net bar around here, as I remember.我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。

③As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。

2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。

which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。例如：

①He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

②She tore up my photos, which （=and that） upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。

3.在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用as。例如：

①Jenny might come, in which case Ill ask her. 詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。

②She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。

4.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as。例如：

①He pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand. 他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。

②He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.他羡慕班里的每个学生，我认为太奇怪了。

【典例1】 is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. （2013年陕西卷）

A. It B. That

C. WhatD. As

【解析】D。句意为：正如其他孩子的情况一样，医生到达时，艾米好多了。该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。该题易误选it，如果选it那么题干就是两句话，而中间没有连词且用了逗号，所以it不可选。

【典例2】After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling,turned out to be a wise decision.

A. thatB. which

C. whenD. where

【解析】B。句意为：大学毕业后，我休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前面整个句子的意思。

【典例3】My friend showed me around the town,was very kind of him.

A. which B. that

C. whereD. it

【解析】A。句意为：我的朋友领着我参观了这座小城，他真是太好了。本题的先行词不是具体的哪一个名词，而是前面整个主句的内容，故用which指代整个主句的内容。

考点四：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（which / whom）”结构。近几年高考在考查“介词+关系代词”时，摒弃了往年考查介词的选择，而是仅考查对“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的识别，降低了考查的难度。

对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。

1.根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。例如：

①The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已经找到了。（注意搭配search for）

②This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。（注意搭配argue about）

2.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。例如：

①Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。（注意搭配 be interested in）

②He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。（注意搭配 be familiar with）

3.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。例如：

①This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。（注意搭配 in the front of our classroom）

②Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。（注意搭配 on the day）

4.根据句意来确定介词的使用。例如：

①This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。（由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词 from）

②This I did at nine oclock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。（由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思，所以用介词 after）

【典例1】The children,had played the whole day long, were worn out. （2013年浙江卷）

A. all of whatB. all of which

C. all of them D. all of whom

【解析】D。句意为：孩子们玩了一整天，都累坏了。分析句子结构可知， had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用all of whom来引导定语从句。

【典例2】Gun control is a subjectAmericans have argued for a long time.

A. of whichB. with which

C. about which D. into which

【解析】C。句意为：枪支控制是一个美国人争论了很久的问题。该题应该根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。从句谓语argued与介词about搭配，表达“争论某事”，故答案为C。

【典例3】By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A. of which B. on which

C. from which D. above which

【解析】D。此定语从句的先行词是the top of Mount Qomolangma，这是一个倒装语序的句子，从句的正常语序应该是: A rare rainbow soon appearedthe top of Mount Qomolangma。显然应该填上“above”，表示山顶上，所以用above which连接主从句。

考点五：分隔式定语从句

一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后；但有时定语从句和先行词常常被某些成分分隔，干扰了句子结构的判断，从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。

英语句子中出现这种分隔现象的原因是主语或宾语带了过长的修饰成分。为了照顾主句结构紧凑，就常常将主语或宾语与其修饰成分隔开。

1.先行词与定语从句之间被用作定语的短语分开。例如：

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 10年前的一个下午，我来你家借了一条项链，你还记得吗?（先行词one afternoon和定语从句被用作定语的ten years ago分隔开了）

2.先行词与定语从句之间被用作状语的短语分开。例如：

I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的人。（先行词person和定语从句被用作状语的 in my office分隔开了）

3.先行词与定语从句之间被主句谓语分隔。例如：

The days are gone when we suffered so much． 我们受苦受难的日子过去了。（先行词the days和定语从句被主句谓语 are gone分隔开了）

【典例1】Ive become good friends with several of the students in my schoolI met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where

C. whenD. which

【解析】A。句意为：我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成为了好朋友。根据句意，该题定语从句的先行词是several of the students，被介词短语in my school分隔，先行词在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who。

【典例2】The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sistershe would stay for an hour.

A. where B. who

C. which D. what

【解析】A。句意为：这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。根据句意可知先行词为centre，被介词短语with her sister 分隔。定语从句中“she would stay for an hour”不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。

【巩固与提高】

1. School safety has set off alarm bells in China with frequent reports of serious accidentsstudents got hurt or killed.

A. in whichB. by which

C. for whichD. that

2. She may have missed the train,case she wont arrive on time.

A. in thatB. in which

C. whoseD. as

3. It was in the stone housewas built as a school by local villagersthe boy finished his primary school.

A. which; thatB. that; where

C. which; whichD. that; which

4. When you come to China you cant help noticing a “cando” attitude and a general sense that this is a societyis looking ahead.

A. whereB. what

C. thatD. who

5. The good situation came at lastwe had been expecting in the past two years.

A. whereB. that

C. whenD. in which

6. Last year the Greens moved to Australia,they thought it would be warmer.

A. whatB. where

C. whichD. that

7. At present, many graduates from some famous universities end up with a jobthey are not suited.

A. whichB. in which

C. at whichD. to which

8. There is somebody waiting for youI think might be one of your classmates.

A. whoB. whom

C. whoeverD. which

9.The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.

A. which is not

B. that have not been

C. that has not

D. that has not been

10.She tried every wayshe could find to solve the problem.

A. how B. in which

C. that D. which

11.He made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

12.Tony will never forget these days she lived in China with her mother,has a great effect on her life.

A. that; whichB. when; which

C. which; thatD. when; that

13.The science of medicine,progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.

A. to which B. in which

C. which D. with which

14.is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

15. Stress is everywhere and we are faced with it every day. In fact, stress isnt such a bad thing it is often supposed to be.

A. whichB. that

C. whatD. as

16. The trainthey were travelling was late.

A. in which B. by which

C. at which D. to which

17. The hoursthe children spend in their oneway relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with reallife people.

A. whenB. that

C. in whichD. on which

18. This summer, part of Southeast China was struck by floods, fromeffect the people are still suffering.

A. which B. whose

C. its D. that

19. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants,as the name suggests, eating doesnt take much time.

A. whoB. where

C. whichD. what

20. Miss Green took up the story at the pointthe thief had just made off with the jewels.

A. where B. which

C. as D. when

【答案与解析】

1. A。 in which引导定语从句，表示“在这些事故中”。

2. B。关系代词指代的是逗号前面的整个句子，in which case意为“如果是那样的话”。

3. A。考查强调结构与定语从句结合使用。被强调部分为地点状语in the stone house，其后的was built as a school by local villagers为定语从句，句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导。

4. C。定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词that引导。

5. B。考查分隔性定语从句，先行词为situation，在定语从句中作expect的宾语，用关系代词that引导。

6. B。先行词Australia在定语从句中作地点状语。

7. D。which指代a job，从句中are suited后应该跟to，表示“适合”，因此答案为D。

8. A。先行词为somebody，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。I think为从句中的插入语。

9. B。本题考查定语从句的引导词及从句的主谓一致问题。因为one前无the／the only，所以定语从句的先行词为the film prizes，这时从句的谓语用复数。

10.C。由于定语从句中缺少宾语，故只能选C或D；先行词被every修饰时，关系代词要用that。

11.A。which为关系代词，代替主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，I think为插入语。

12.B。前一空考查的是引导限制性定语从句的关系副词，表示时间要用when；后一空考查的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，用which指代主句中定语从句的内容，并在从句中作主语。

13.B。句中介词in的选用和从句的主谓结构有关，即progress be rapid in，这里的in意为“在某一方面”，相当于rapid progress be made in。

14.B。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。选项A应该构成It is known to everybody that…句式。

15. D。先行词被such修饰，引导定语从句的关系代词用as，构成such…as…搭配。

16. A。先行词the train在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，“他们乘坐这列火车”应该说“They were traveling in the train.”。

17. B。先行词the hours在定语从句中作spend的宾语，故使用关系代词引导。

18. B。先行词floods在定语从句中作effect的定语，故使用whose引导。

19. B。先行词restaurants在定语从句中作地点状语。

20. A。point, case, situation等表示“处所，场合”的名词作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，通常用where引导定语从句。