“及物动词…from…”的常见用法

在英语教学中,我们发现“及物动词…from…”结构屡见不鲜,现将其用法归纳如下,以利大家学习时参考。

一、英语中表示“辨别/分辨/区分…与…”等时

如:

1.tell…from…意为“辨别,识别,认出”

(1)I am less capable Alice her of telling truth from falsehood.我辨别真假的能力不如艾丽丝。

(2)She can never tell natural silk from artificial.她不能辨别真丝和人造丝。

2.know…from…“辨别,识别,认出”

(1)Infants don’t know right from wrong.婴/幼儿不会辨别是非。

(2)Do you know him from his twin brother?你能把他和他的孪生兄弟分清楚吗?

3.distinguish…from…“辨别…与…,把…与…区别开”

(1)Please tell me how to distinguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one.请告诉我怎样分辨毒蛇和无毒蛇。

(2)Can you distinguish cotton cloth from wool.你能区分棉布和毛料吗?

(3)Speech distinguishes man from the other animals.人类区别于其他动物,是因为人会说话。

4.discriminate…from…“辨别/分辨…与…”

(1)He can’t discriminate fact from fiction.他不能辨别事实和虚构。

(2)Can’t you discriminate good from bad?难道你不会辨别好坏吗?

(3)Communicating knowledge discriminate human from animals.传播知识是人类区别于动物之处。

二、英语中表示“阻止/妨碍(某人/事物)做…”,“阻止/妨碍…使不能”等时

如:

1.prevent…from…“阻止;妨碍”

(1)No one prevent the plan from being carried out.谁也阻止不了这项计划的实施。

(2)I wonder what prevented him entering for the sports meet.我不明白他为什么没报名参加运动会。

2.keep…from…“阻止;妨碍”

(1)His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。

(2)How can we keep him from staying up late?我们要怎么才能不让他熬夜?

3.stop…from…“阻止;妨碍”

(1)I stopped her from telling the news to her friends.我不让她把那个消息告诉她的朋友。

(2)Nothing could stop me from achieving my ambition.什么都不能阻止我实现自己的抱负。

4.prohibit…from…“阻止;妨碍”

(1)His poor eyesight prohibited

him from becoming a pilot.他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。

(2)The heavy rain prohibited the players from playing football.雨下得太大,队员们无法踢球。

5.inhibit…from…“妨碍;抑制;制止”

(1)His poor English inhibits him from communicating with others freely.他糟糕的英语使他不能与他人自由交流。

(2)This feature of the book would be enough to inhibit a lot of people from reading it.该书的这个特点足以让许多读者望而却步。

6.deter…from…“制止;阻止;防止”

(1)Failure didn’t deter him from making another attempt.失败未能使他放弃努力。

(2)Several factors deter new industry from coming to the area.多种因素阻碍了新兴工业在该地区的出现。

(3)Do you believe that nuclear weapons will deter countries from making war?你相信核武器能阻止国家之间爆发战争吗?

7.hinder…from…“妨碍;阻碍”

(1)Frequent telephone hindered us from falling asleep.频繁的电话使我们无法入睡。

(2)The child’s hysterical crying hindered the doctor from completing the examination.那孩子拼命的哭闹,搅得医生无法对他进行检查。

8.preclude…from…“妨碍;阻止”

(1)It would preclude them (from ) taking proceedings.这样也许能阻止他们。

(2)The high fever precluded him from attending the opening ceremony.高烧使他不能出席开幕式。

三、表示“保护/保卫/防御…不/免受…”等时

如:

1.protect…from…“保护…不受…;保卫…不受…”

(1)You mustn’t protect your brother from blame in the accident.你不能包庇你兄弟逃脱事故的罪责。

(2)He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.他戴着墨镜以避阳光。

2.preserve…from…“保护…不受/免于…”

(1)Oil can preserve metal from rust.油可以保护金属使其免于生锈。

(2)We all should make every effort

to preserve the environment from pollution.我们应当尽一切努力保护环境不受污染。

3.defend…from…“防御…不受…;保护…不受…;保卫…不受…”

(1)The law defends people from injustice.法律保护人民的正当权益不受侵犯。

(2)Parents need to defend their children from a mad dog.父母需要保护自己的孩子不受疯狗伤害。

4.guard…from…“保护/守护…免受…”

(1)A helmet guards your head from/against injuries.头盔可以保护头部免受伤害。

(2)Heavily armed soldiers guarded the airport from the terrorists.全副武装的士兵守卫着机场,以防袭击。

5.shield…from…“保护…不受…,防护…不受…”

(1)The government tried shielding

a state-owned economy from the competitive pressure of global market.政府设法保护了国有经济免受全球市场的竞争压力。

(2)A posture of cool professionalism shielded him from the pain he saw and felt.他的职业特性使他变得冷酷无情,对他所看到或感觉到的痛苦无动于衷。

6.shelter…from…“保护…不/免受…;庇护…不/免受…;遮蔽…不/免受…”

(1)The workers use masks to shelter their eyes from the glare of the fire.工人们用面具遮挡刺眼的火光。

(2)The rounded hills shelter the picturesque village from the cold wind.圆形的小山作为屏障,使寒风吹不到这座风景如画的村庄。

7.fence…from…“(筑篱)防护…不受…;保卫…不受…”

The gardeners fenced the seedbeds from the north wind.园丁们为苗床筑篱以遮北风。

四、英语中表示“从…解救(某人);解放;摆脱”等时

如:

1.save…from…“从…救…;搭救,挽救”

(1)The woman rushed in and saved the child from the burning house.那女人冲进去把孩子从着火的房子中救了出来。

(2)Knowledge saves a person from the results of his own ignorance.知识使人免食无知之果。

2.deliver…from…“从…救出…;解放”

(1)May God deliver us from evil.愿上帝拯救我们脱离罪恶。

(2)They delivered the blacks from slavery.他们把奴隶制度下的黑人解放了出来。

3.rescue…from“从…救出…;救助,解救”

(1)The fireman rescued a baby from the burning house.消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。

(2)They rescued a boy from drowning.他们把溺水的男孩救了上来。

五、英语中表示“禁止,把…排除在外”等时

如:

1.bar…from…“禁止,排斥,扫除”

(1)Women are barred from the club.本俱乐部谢绝女性参加。

(2)The ordinance bars aliens from sensitive positions.法令不准外国侨民担任机要职务。

2.exclude…from…“把…排除在…外;禁止,阻止”

(1)They exclude Peter from becoming the full number of the club.他们拒绝比得成为俱乐部的正式成员。

(2)Employees and their relatives were excluded from participation in the contest.雇员及其家属禁止参加竞赛。

3.ebar…from…“把…排除在…之外;禁止,阻止”

(1)The police debar him from leaving the country.警方禁止他出国。

(2)Colin is debarred from voting as he is not a citizen.柯林不享有公民权,所以不能参加投票。

六、英语中表示“劝(某人)不要…,劝阻”等时

如:

1.dissuade…from…,“劝…不要…,劝阻…”

(1)It was long time before the policewoman could dissuade her from suicide.女警察花了好长时间才说服她放弃了寻短见。

(2)dissuade him from leaving home.我劝他不要离家出走。

2.discourage from“劝阻…打消…要做…的念头”

(1)Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer.她父母想劝其打消当歌星的念头。

(2)They discourage him from investing in the stock.人们都劝他不要炒股。

七、英语中表示“使…与…分离,使…与…分开”等时

如:

1.detach…from…“使…与…分离,使…与…分开”

(1)He detached himself from his party and sauntered over to her table.他离开伙伴,踅到她的桌边。

(2)She detached the key from the ring and gave it to Paul.她去掉钥匙圈上把钥匙,并把它递给保罗。

2.separate…from…“使分隔,把…隔开,使分散/分离”

(1)A fence separates the Harwell’s house from the public footpath.一道篱笆将哈维尔的房子与公共人行道隔开。

(2)A difference in political opinions had early separated Bannet from his younger brother.班纳特和弟弟由于政见不同早已分道扬镳。

3.divorce…from“使…与…分离,使…与…脱离…”

(1)Whatever you may think of my determination, do not divorce me from your confidence.无论你对我的决心有和看法,请不要让我失去你的信任。

(2)He divorced himself from the controversy.他摆脱了纷争。

(3)The second rocket divorced itself from the first spent rocket.第二级火箭与已燃尽的第一级火箭脱离。

以上只是“及物动词…from…”结构表示一些常见含义时的部分用法,至于其它用法,还请大家在具体的语言实践中积累、分析和掌握。

参考文献

[1]张道真.现代英语用法词典[M].外语教学与研究出版社,1994.

[2]张柏然.新时代英汉大词典[M].商务印书馆,2004.