黄芪茎叶质量标准研究

摘要：目的 建立黄芪茎叶的质量标准。方法 采用薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别；采用药典法测定黄芪茎叶水分、总灰分、浸出物的含量，采用比色法测定总皂苷、黄芪多糖的含量，采用HPLC测定黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量。结果 薄层色谱斑点圆整、清晰、重复性好；黄芪茎叶水分为6.24%～12.24%，总灰分为8.21%～10.55%，水溶性浸出物为12.12%～27.30%，醇溶性浸出物为6.89%～10.28%，总皂苷为23.74～26.52 mg/g，黄芪多糖为23.31～45.70 mg/g，黄芪甲苷为0.047%～0.18%，毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷为0.21%～0.26%。结论 所建立的方法简便快捷，重复性好，结果准确可靠，能有效控制黄芪茎叶质量，可作为黄芪茎叶质量的主要控制指标。

关键词：黄芪茎叶；薄层色谱法；比色法；高效液相色谱法；质量标准

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2016.11.023

中图分类号：R282.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304（2016）11-0094-05

Abstract： Objective To establish quality standards for stem leaf of Astragali Radix. Methods A method of TLC identification was used for qualitative discrimination. The moisture， total ash and extracts contents of the stem leaf of Astragali Radix were determined by pharmacopoeia method. Total contents of astragaloside and astragalus polysaccharide were measured by colorimetry. The astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside contents were detected by HPLC. Results The spots of TLC were round and clear with good repeatability. The moisture contents of the stem leaf of Astragali Radix were between 6.24%C12.24%； the total ash was between 8.21%C10.55%； the water- solubility extracts were between 12.12%C27.30%； alcohol-solubility extracts were between 6.89%C10.28%； the total contents of astragaloside were between 23.74C26.52 mg/g； astragalus polysaccharide were between 23.31C45.70 mg/g； the astragaloside Ⅳ contents were between 0.047%C0.18%； the calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were 0.21%C0.26%. Conclusion The method is convenient， fast and repeatable， and the results are accurate and reliable， which can be used to control the quality of the stem leaf of Astragali Radix effectively， and as the main index of the quality standard.

Key words： the stem leaf of Astragali Radix； TLC； colorimetry； HPLC； quality standard

黄芪为豆科植物膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bunge和蒙古黄芪A. membranaceus（Fisch.）Bunge var. mongholicus（Bunge）Hsiao的干燥根[1]。早在汉末时期，《名医别录》曾记载以黄芪茎叶入药，其味甘、辛，性平，入心、肝二经，具有生津止渴、舒筋活血、消肿疗疮等功效。其丰富的资源及良好的药用价值，使黄芪地上部分具有较好的开发利用前景。因此，本研究对不同采收期的9批黄芪茎叶的主要活性成分进行了定性、定量测定，旨为制定黄芪茎叶质量标准、开发黄芪地上部分、扩大药用资源提供依据。

1 仪器与试药

765紫外可见分光光度计，上海仪电分析仪器有限公司；Waters-D600半制备型色谱仪，美国Waters公司，包括四元泵、在线脱气机、自动进样器、Waters-2424蒸发光散射检测器、Empower色谱工作站；Agilent-1100型高效液相色谱仪，美国安捷伦科技公司。

黄芪对照药材（批号120974-201311）、黄芪甲苷对照品（批号110781-201314，含量以95.8%计）、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷对照品（批号111920-201304，含量以98.3%计），中国食品药品检定研究院；乙腈、甲酸、甲醇为色谱纯，其他试剂均为分析纯，水为重蒸水（自制）；黄芪茎叶样品购于哈尔滨绿达生动物药业有限公司，由佳木斯大学药学院张宇教授鉴定，为膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bunge茎叶。样品来源信息见表1。