学习定语从句的四个误区

一、误以为关系代词 whose 只用于修饰人

whose 用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：

It was an island， whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。

The factory， whose workers are all women， is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂的工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。

二、混淆定语从句与并列句

请看下面两题：

1. He has two children， and both of _____ are abroad.

A. themB. whichC. whomD. who

2. He has two children， both of _____ are abroad.

A. themB. whichC. whomD. who

第1题选 A， 第2题选 C。由于第1题中用了并列连词 and，从而使整个句子为并列句， and 后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选 A； 第2题没有并列连词 and，both of whom are abroad 为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：

He has two children， both ______ being abroad.

A. themB. whichC. whomD. who

此题答案为 A，其中的 both of them being abroad 为独立主格结构，用作状语。

请再看一组类似的例子：

1. He wrote a lot of novels， many of ______ translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. themC. whichD. that

2. He wrote a lot of novels， many of ______ were translated into foreign languages.

A. itB. them C. whichD. that

第1题应选 B，而不能选 C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词（非谓语动词），若选 C，则该从句无谓语；第2题应选 C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例：

He wrote a lot of novels， and many of ______ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. themC. whichD. that

此题与上面的第2题不同，两句之间多了一个并列连词 and， 说明这是一个并列句，故应选 B，不能选 C。

三、混淆关系代词与关系副词

有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语（如用作主语、宾语等）则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：

This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想去工作的工厂。（work 为不及物动词 where 在从句中用作状语）

This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。（visit 为及物动词， that 用作 visit 的宾语）

The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的原因是因为他病了。（come 为不及物动词， why 在定语从句中用作状语）

The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。（put forth 为及物动词， that 在定语从句中作其宾语）

比较下面的考题：

1. This is the room _____ I lived ten years ago.

A. that B. whereC. who D. what

2. This is the room _____ I lived in ten years ago.

A. that B. whereC. who D. what

3. This is the room _____ I bought ten years ago.

A. that B. whereC. who D. what

4. This is the room _____ I visited ten years ago.

A. that B. whereC. who D. what

5. This is the room _____ I was born ten years ago.

A. that B. whereC. who D. what

第1题选 B，因为 live 是不及物动词，它无需接宾语；第2题选 A， 虽然 live 不及物，但 live in 却是及物的，它应有自己的宾语；第3、4题也应选 A，因为 buy 和 visit 均为及物动词，它们应有自己的宾语；第5题应选 B，因为 be born 无需有自己的宾语。

四、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句

有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选 which 而不选 that，但问题是有时句子根本就不是定语从句。如：

1. If a book is in English，______ means slow progress for you.

A. as B. whichC. whatD. that

2. When I say two hours，______ includes time for eating.

A. as B. whichC. whatD. that

以上两题均选 that，而不能选 which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选 that，是因为句中已有 if 和 when 引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句， that 为主句的主语。

【诊断检测】

1. If he’s only interested in such looks，______ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as B. whichC. whatD. that

2. If you want to go，______ is quite all right with me.

A. that B. whichC. and it D. so

3. If you want a double room，______ will cost another ￡15.

A. as B. whichC. whatD. that

4. Unless I’m very much mistaken，______ is my watch you’re wearing!

A. as B. whichC. whatD. that

5. He likes living alone， and says that he wants to go and live in a place ______ nobody knows.

A. whereB. that C. whenD. what

6. Not far from the school there was a garden，______ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. itsB. whose

C. which D. that

7. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，______ are beyond our control.

A. most of them B. most of which

C. most of what D. most of that

8. Last week， only two people came to look at the house，______ wanted to buy it.

A. none of them B. both of them

C. none of whom D. neither of whom

9. It is reported that two schools，______ are being built in my hometown， will open next year.

A. they bothB. which both

C. both of themD. both of which

10. I was given three books on cooking， the first ______ I really enjoyed.

A. of that B. of whichC. that D. which

【检测答案】

1―5 DADDB6―10 ABDDB