不同酒种对血清Hcy及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

时间:2022-04-02 09:20:55

不同酒种对血清Hcy及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

[摘要] 目的 探讨饮用白酒及啤酒对血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。 方法 选择2013年10月~2016年1月陕西省中医医院诊治的颈动脉粥样硬化男性患者217例,其中有大量饮酒史141例,无饮酒史76例,依据饮酒种类分为3组,白酒组(68例)、啤酒组(73例)、不饮酒组(76例)。分别测定血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和颈动脉斑块检出率。 结果 白酒组和啤酒组血清Hcy及斑块检出率较不饮酒组均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。啤酒组较白酒组血清Hcy及斑块检出率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 大量饮酒不论白酒或啤酒均导致血清Hcy升高,动脉粥样硬化病变加重,饮用啤酒较白酒对血清Hcy、颈动脉粥样硬化影响小。

[关键词] 饮酒;同型半胱氨酸;颈动脉粥样硬化

[中图分类号] R332;R322.61 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)07(b)-0069-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of drinking liquor and beer on serum Hcy and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods From October 2013 to January 2016, in Shaanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 217 male patients with carotid atherosclerosis were selected, including 141 cases with history of heavy drinking, 76 cases with no history of alcohol consumption, according to the alcohol type, they were divided into three groups, spirit group (68 cases), beer group (73 cases), non-drinking group (76 cases). The serum homocysteine (Hcy) and detection rate of plaque were measured respectively. Results The detection of serum homocysteine and detection rate of plaque in spirit and beer groups were significantly increased than non-drinking group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Beer group compared with group liquor, the Hcy and detection rate of plaque were significantly lower, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Drinking a lot of alcohol, whether spirit or beer, lead to the elevated levels of Hcy and atherosclerosis lesions. Compareing with spirit, the effects of alcohol on serum Hcy and carotid atherosclerosis was small in drinking beer.

[Key words] Alcohol; Homocysteine; Carotid atherosclerosis

随着生活方式的改变,饮酒在日常生活中越来越普遍,它对健康的影响也越来越受到关注。研究显示饮酒可干扰同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)代谢[1-2],然而不同酒种对Hcy的影响一直存在争议[3-5]。作为心脑血管疾病独立危险因素的Hcy,已成为一个新的评估酗酒危害的不可忽视的生化指标[6]。本研究探讨饮用白酒及啤酒对血清hcy颈动脉粥样硬化影响

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2013年10月~2016年1月陕西省中医医院诊治的颈动脉粥样硬化男性患者217例,其中有大量饮酒史1年以上141例[饮酒种类包含白酒和啤酒,大量饮酒标准:(美国)国家防止酒精中毒和酒精滥用研究所(NIAAA)规定1饮酒单位(1杯)为0.5 oz酒精(1 oz = 28.35 g),大量饮酒量定为每日酒精摄入量≥24 g[9],无饮酒史76例,年龄30~80岁,平均(57.24±10.34)岁,所有患者均符合颈动脉粥样硬化诊断标准[7-8]:颈动脉内膜中层厚度(cIMT)> 0.9 mm和/或动脉粥样硬化斑块,并排除原发性及继发性高血压病、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退症,严重心、脑、肝、肾功能等严重并发症,有严重的急性感染或代谢紊乱的患者。根据饮酒种类分为白酒组(68例)、啤酒组(73例)、不饮酒组(76例)。白酒组平均每日酒精摄入量90%以上来自白酒,啤酒组平均每日酒精摄入量90%来自啤酒。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 收集患者的一般资料及生化指标检查 包括姓名、年龄、身高、体重指数(BMI)、家族史、既往史。空腹8 h后抽取肘静脉血10 mL,应用全自动生化分析仪检测Hcy、空腹血糖、血脂水平及肝肾功能等。

1.2.2 颈动脉彩超检查 由专人操作Agilent sonos 5500 彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,二维探头频率10 MHz ,血流声束 < 60℃,取样容积2.0 mm。检查前患者休息10 min,取平卧位,双肩垫枕,头部偏向检查对侧,充分暴露颈部。沿胸锁乳突肌外缘纵切扫查,依次显示颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈总分叉、颈外动脉和椎动脉。取样部位包括颈总动脉的远端(颈内、颈外动脉分叉水平连线下方1.5 cm处)、颈内动脉起始部(分叉水平上方1~1.5 cm 处)和颈动脉分叉处(即球部)。评价标准:cIMT > 0.9 mm判定为内膜增厚,≥1.2 mm或突向管腔内局灶性回声结构超过相邻区50%为斑块。

1.3 统计学方法

采用统计软件SPSS 20.0对数据进行分析,正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,多组间比较采用One-Way ANOVA,两两比较采用SNK-q检验。计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般资料比较

三组年龄、吸烟、体重指数、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸、谷丙转氨酶等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表1。

2.2 三组血清Hcy、斑块检出率结果

白酒组和啤酒组血清Hcy及斑块检出率较不饮酒组均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。啤酒组较白酒组血清Hcy及斑块检出率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

3 讨论

Hcy是一种是所有细胞中产生的含硫的非必需氨基酸,是叶酸和蛋氨酸一个通常的代谢产物。由环境营养及遗传因素干扰Hcy代谢是形成高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,Hhcy)的主要原因。大量报道显示[10-12],在即使没有引起Hhcy的其他因素下,适量饮酒可导致血清Hcy升高,血清Hcy与饮酒量呈正相关。然而也有些研究显示适量饮酒后却未发现血清Hcy升高,这些研究对象主要以饮用啤酒为主[13-14],故提示不同酒种对Hcy的影响不同。本研究报道了不同酒种干扰Hcy代谢异常对心血管疾病的影响。

本研究发现大量饮酒患者,不论饮用白酒还是啤酒血清Hcy水平均明显高于不饮酒组(P < 0.05),同时发现啤酒组较白酒组血清Hcy明显降低(P < 0.05)。饮酒可能通过干扰B族维生素代谢、影响5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶活性及抑制蛋氨酸合酶活性等机制干扰Hcy代谢,导致血清Hcy升高[15]。有报道显示补充足量B族维生素可降低饮酒所致的Hhcy[16-17]。有学者[14,18]提出啤酒内含有大量B族维生素,可以减轻酒精对Hcy的影响,故适量饮用啤酒后并未导致血清Hcy升高。本研究中发现大量饮用啤酒后也导致血清Hcy明显升高(P < 0.05),但较白酒组明显降低(P < 0.05),考虑可能啤酒内所含B族维生素不足以抵消大量酒精对Hcy的影响有关。

饮酒所致升高的Hcy是多种慢性疾病的独立危险因素。大量研究显示饮酒导致升高的Hcy与认知障碍、Alzheimer病等神经系统疾病密切相关[19],然而对心血管疾病的危害仅限于假说,国内外罕有研究报道。本研究发现大量饮酒可引起Hhcy,,颈动脉动脉粥样硬化加重。不排除酒精干扰脂质代谢、影响血小板聚集等导致颈动脉硬化。同时Hhcy通过引起血管内皮功能异常、血小板活化,进一步血栓形成,最终导致动脉粥样硬化。本研究还发现啤酒组较白酒组颈动脉粥样硬化损伤减轻,考虑与血清Hcy降低有关,故饮酒所致Hcy升高在颈动脉粥样硬化的作用不容忽视。

本研究的主要临床意义在于为饮酒患者在心血管疾病的治疗上提供临床依据,戒酒是最有效的治疗方法,然而对于那些因各种原因不能戒酒的患者,可选择啤酒或同时补充B族维生素可降低心血管疾病的风险。

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(收稿日期:2016-03-13 本文编辑:苏 畅)

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