想法英语范文

时间:2023-10-11 00:22:10

想法英语

想法英语篇1

 

关键词:英语口语 词穷意尽 联想学习法场景联想 语言联想 文化联想 

 

引言:对于中国学生来说,英语口语学习中所面临的困难除了语言环境的缺乏,最主要的还是在口语交际和练习中所表现出的词穷意尽。然而,语言的特性和魅力在于表达的多向性。也就是同一话题具有不同的表达方向;同一论点可以找到不同的支持论据;或者一个事物的某一特性可以选择不同的词汇来表达,等等。英语作为一门广泛运用的语言,也不例外。因此,想要克服词穷意尽这一困难,在英语口语学习中就要抓住语言的这一特点,展开联想,进行广泛的联系。也就是我们所说的联想学习法。首先将口语实践过程进行要素划分:人、语言、和社会环境。再针对每一要素进行联想,这样联想的对象就更加具体。 

一、场景联想 

社会是一个多种纽带相互交织,彼此联系且克制的综合体。因此,作为主要因素的社会人在完成各种社会活动时,扮演者不同的角色,来适应不同场景的需要。 

1.场景联想: 

在英语口语练习中,对于给出的特定话题,可以根据社会实践联想多种相关场景。例如对于“购物”这一话题,我们可以联想到以下的实际场景:(1)产品介绍场景(2)询价场景(3)购物方式推荐、介绍场景(4)促销场景(5)结算场景(6)退换或保修场景。 

2.角色联想:在上诉的各个场景中,想要完成不同的场景任务,就需要不同的角色。例如:顾客、售货员、促销员、结算员、维修员等。这些都是我们在完成这一话题时可以联想的对象。每一角色在完成场景任务的过程中,都会使用某些相关的词汇和表达。因此,针对场景的角色联想对于我们扩大词汇、适应英语的语言环境起着积极地作用。 

例如,在结算场景中,可联想的角色为:结算员,顾客。 

结算员:total amount/items/articles/loyalty card/membership card/changes/sign/be paid 

顾客:cash/credit card/plastic bags 

二、语言联想 

对于内容联想这一部分,本文还会以“购物”场景为例,来说明和展示对于英语本身和表达技巧方面的联想。 

1.表达联想: 

(1)同义词联想: 

在产品介绍或促销场景中,售货员或促销员都会用到一些夸奖自己产品的词汇。说到夸奖,我们自然而然地会想到“good”这个词。然而英语就像汉语一样,它拥有大量的同义词。对这些同义词的联想会提高我们的语言素养和丰富、生动语言表达。 

泛指:good/amazing/fantastic/perfect/excellent/comfortable 

特指:delicious(夸奖食物) 

persistent( 

stylish/modern/fashionable 

easy to write 

portable 

(2)反义词联想:人们在买东西时,希望买到的每一件商品都会物美价廉。然而,现实告诉我们,有些商品或服务的质量并不能尽人意。这时候我们就会想到用“好”的反义词来描述这些不尽人意的东西。这就是反义词联想。

(3)句型联想:英语的词性种类众多、句型表达丰富。因此,同一件事,可以选择不同的表达方式。 

① That supermarket is very near.I can go there on foot everyday. 

② That supermarket is not far.I walk to there everyday. 

③ We cook all the food by ourselves. 

④ All the food is cooked by us. 

想法英语篇2

关键词:初中英语;新课程;改进措施

如何开展好英语教学,是多少年来教育界一直没有降温的讨论内容,特别是新课改以来,如何在新的教育理念下将英语课程教好,教出效率,在广大英语教师心里占据着重要的位置。众多英语教师及教育专家将更多的目光集中在英语的课堂研究中,都希望能通过对英语教学进行理论建设和实践反思,找到一条英语教学的高效之路。

下面,我谈谈自己对抓好初中英语教学的一些想法。

一、优化英语教学思路

新的课程改革对英语的教学目标及教学的理念都提出了新的要求,一方面教学目标从单纯的知识教育转向了素质教育,另一方面教学模式从教师为中心转向了以学生为主体。在初中英语教学中,要求教师将更多的精力投入对学生自主、主动学习意识的培养和建立上,将更多的精力投入到对学生自主解决问题和创新学习的能力建设上。所以,新课程理念下,初中英语教师首先要优化自身的教学思路,完成在教学活动中主体到客体的转化,以新的教材为教学基点,调整教学模式,丰富教学方法,为学生提供优质的教学服务。

二、注重对学生语感的培养

英语是一门应用学科,学生学习英语的目的不是为了考试得高分,而是为了能在社会生活及将来的工作中使用英语正常交流和工作。因而,没有良好语感的学生,不是学成了“优秀的”哑巴英语,就是说出来的英语自己明白但别人听不懂。从素质教育的目标出发,英语教师应特别注重对学生英语语感及口语、听力的

训练。

在教学中,我每周都安排学生看一部英语电影、学唱一首英语歌曲,还在每天的晨读时给学生专门的时间一起大声朗读我安排好的“周阅读”内容。如,本周的教学内容是新目标英语九年

级Unit 3,我就将“Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes”这段听力内容利用零碎时间反复地向学生播放,我还将阅读材料“Should I allowed to make my own decisions?”用软件制作成音频听力材料让学生边读边听,强化语感。

在教学中,我特别注意让学生多背诵比较典型的英Z文章,不求大量但求精要,有时只是一两句话的背诵,有时则是整段的背诵,突出背诵材料的语感、语法训练,而不强调语言文学方向。学生背的内容多了,自然能脱口而出。

三、抓好语法教学

英语学习的难点其实不在词汇而在语法,特别是学生长期在汉语语境下生活,对语言使用的句式方法很难转过弯来,英语的语法规矩多而杂,学生很难掌握,就算在课堂上掌握了,也可能很快就被汉语语境给冲淡了。而学习英语就必须过语法这一关,这是学习语言的基础,要想在生活学习中能正确而标准地使用英语交流,就必须学好语法。我们大多见过这样的场景,一名外国人说中国话,将“你吃了吗”说成“吃了你吗”,试想,一个没有学好英语语法的学生,其实在人家眼中也是如此“幽默”的。

在教学中,英语教师应特别提醒学生,在课本上见到grammar focus时要特别用心,对这块内容要像学古文的“之乎者也”一样一字一句地琢磨细节。此外,还要组织学生多做些语法方面的训练,注意在训练时将语法练习生活实用化,不要与学生生活离得

太远。

四、尽量使用英语教学

在英语教学中,教师常用情境教学法来调动学生思维,引导学生的情感进入英语情境中。而教师在教学中尽量多地使用英语教学,正是构建英语情境的一个重要方法,但这一方法却被不少英语教师忽略了。一是不清楚这是一个情境构建的方法,二是担心学生听不懂,不能接受。其实,只要教师在教学中用英语教学时注意语速、表情及肢体动作的配合,加上个别词语的即时翻译,学生在英语语境下学习是没有什么太大困难的。只要坚持一段时间,学生学习英语的能力及语感、听力等都能得到有效强化。

教师在使用英语组织教学活动时可以循序渐进,在开始阶段英语少汉语多,等学生逐渐适应之后再英语多汉语少,不能强制推进英语教学,打击学生积极性,造成学习困难,也不能害怕困难因噎废食。

总之,在新的课程标准下,英语教师应积极认真地对教学理念与模式进行相应的调整优化,从素质教育的角度出发去设计教学,真正将教学的思路统一到新课程教学目标上来,根据英语学科特点及学习需求,注重语感培养、抓好语法教学,给学生构建科学的学习情境,相信初中英语教学一定能取得好的效果。

参考文献:

[1]于洪艳.人教版初中英语理论研究[J].新课程・中学,2014(4):97-97.

想法英语篇3

关键词: 数理逻辑思想 英语语法教学 应用

引言

英语语法一直是英语语言学习的重要内容,但长期以来,英语语法教学都是十分棘手的问题,教师难教、学生厌学是非常普遍的现象。因此,长期以来,高效、有趣、生动的英语语法教学方法和策略是所有中学英语教师努力和奋斗的目标。目前中学英语语法教学的常见策略主要有三种:归纳、推演和类比。近年来,由于数理语言学等学科的发展,人们对语言学及其相关学科的研究取得了重大进展。借助于数理语言学的相关理论知识,通过实践,我们发现在英语语法教学中,除了目前常见的三种教学策略外,还可以应用一些基本的数学思想方法,提高英语语法教学的准确性和系统性,提高英语语法教学效率。

1.英语语法与英语语言学习

英语语法在英语语言学习中具有十分重要的地位。在新课程标准中,英语语法是英语语言教学的重要组成部分,对提高学习者的综合运用英语语言能力具有重要作用。我国著名语法教学专家、上海外国语大学教授张月祥(2010)指出:语法不是全部,是语言学习的一个部分,但是缺了这个部分,整个语言能力就不行,除非从小在国外长大。

2.英语语法的教学策略

英语语法教学在我国经历了很长的历史,在这过程中,我国的英语语法教学专家和英语教师,根据中学英语教学的实际情况和对英语语法教学的不断认识,在总结前人经验的基础上,结合高中英语新课标英语教学的本质和目标,归纳和提出了三种有效的英语语法教学策略:类比、归纳和推演,其中又以归纳和推演为主。

许多人主张归纳法教学策略要优于演绎法教学策略,原因是归纳法比较符合语言习得的自然顺序,而且有利于培养学习者积极探索的精神,调动其学习主动性和积极性,形成学习的内在动机。事实上,合理的方法应是演绎法与归纳法的有机结合,以归纳为主,适当演绎。

3.数理逻辑思想在英语语法教学中的应用

正如恩格斯所说:数学是现实世界中的空间形式和数量关系。数学本身作为一种科学,具有严谨性、逻辑性、简洁性、可靠性等特点。数学源于现实世界,与物理、化学、地理等学科有着千丝万缕的关系。一方面,数学从其他学科汲取营养,另一方面,数学广泛应用于其他学科,促进其他学科的发展。数学与自然科学的联系是众所周知的,由于社会的快速发展和数学学科本身的独特性,数学与社会科学的联系日益加强,例如,数学在语言学上的应用。20世纪以来,数学渗透到了形态学、句法学、词汇学、语音学、语义学等各个分支,形成了数理语言学这一门学科。在英语语法教学领域,新的英语语法教学策略层出不穷。关于数学思想方法在英语语法教学中的应用,可以通过以下例子窥见一斑。

3.1函数思想在英语词汇教学中的应用

函数思想是指用函数的概念和性质分析问题、转化问题和解决问题,是解决数学问题的一种解题策略。具体来说,函数描述了自然界中数量之间的关系,函数思想通过提出问题的数学特征,建立函数关系型的数学模型,进行研究。

英语词汇的教学实践表明,派生词缀具有数量上的有限性。因此,表相同(相似)意义的派生词缀能够用函数关系式表示。例如,英语中表“否定”意义的派生前缀,有如下函数表达式:

F(x)=un+x■(examples:unhappy/unusual...)im+x■(examples: impossible/impassable....)in+x■ (examples: incorrect/inconvenience...)ir+x■ (examples: irrecoverable...)dis+x■ (examples disagree/dislike...)

为了进一步使以上表达式得到优化,使问题更具针对性,在根据对表“否定”前缀的词汇进行语料库研究后,还可做出以下归纳:

(1)un(该前缀较为普遍)大多使用在以字母A/B/F/P/Q等开始的单词前;

(2)im大多使用在以字母P开始的单词前;

(3)in(该前缀较为普遍)大多使用在以字母A/C/D/E/H等开始的单词前;

(4)ir(使用频率较低)一般用在以字母R开始的单词前;

(5)dis可用在动词的前面表否定。

由此可见,表“否定”意义的派生前缀在经过相应的数学表达式研究后,词汇学习的广度和深度均得到了有效拓展。研究表明,表示其他语义的派生前词缀,如:pre等,也可采取构建相应函数关系表达式的方法,优化应用语料库相关理论。

3.2公式化和公理化思想在英语句型教学中的应用

数学公式是表达数量与数量之间的数学关系、证明其存在并且正确的表达式,具有简明、准确、易理解等特点。实践研究表明,在英语语法教学过程中,特别是英语句型(典型句型)的教学过程中,有很多语法项目可以转变为相应的数学公式(formula)或建立适当的数理模型(model),使学习者在演绎操作过程中掌握语言规律。

例如:

(1)It引导的分裂句:It+be+被强调部分+that...

(2)It作形式主语:It+be+adj+for/ofto do sth.

(3)It作形式宾语:Find/Think/Consider...it+adj+for/ofto do sth.

又如:在关于及物动词后接to do与v+ing做宾语这个问题上,我们可用公式表示如下:

(1)有些及物动词后只能接v+ing做宾语,可以用公式表示为:S+V+v+ing(这类动词通常有:face、appreciate、finish、delay...)。

(2)有些及物动词后既能接to do做宾语,又能接v+ing做宾语,但意思不同,可以用公式表示为:S+V+to do≠S+V+v+ing(常见的有:go on、stop、remember、mean)。

(3)有些及物动词后既能接to do做宾语,又能接v+ing做宾语,意思基本相同,可以用公式表示为:S+V+to do≈S+V+v+ing(常见的有:like、love、start 、begin)。

除以上数学思想方法外,方程思想、对比思想、代数序列法、公式法等在英语语法的词汇、语言、意义、句型等教学领域也有很好的应用。

结语

数学思想方法在英语语法教学中的应用具有实际和理论的重要意义。一方面,这种方法体现了数学本身的巨大魅力。另一方面,它不但促进了学生创新能力的培养,符合时代和素质教育的要求,而且从另一个角度给学生提供了学习英语语法的新的理解途径和记忆方法,提高了英语语法教学的准确性和系统性,提高了英语语法学习效率。

参考文献:

[1]陈石夫.数学思想方法在其他科学中的应用[J].福建中学数学报,2006.

[2]季红善.谈数学思想教学的重要性[J].常热高专学报,2004.

[3]汤红娟.论中小学英语教学的数理逻辑化.外语学刊,2009(5):177.

[4]王伟.高中英语教学中的跨学科渗透[J].天津教育,2007.

[5]岳义文.浅论数学思想、数学方法和技巧[J].中国教育,2007.

想法英语篇4

一、尊重个体

给每一个学生一个展示自我的平台。让他们感到英语氛围的宽松、和谐。从学生的“成功欲”中,潜移默化引领学生走入英语世界。英语新课本给予我们提供了大量的情景,如适用的情景有寻人寻物、电话交流、问路与指路、借物与送还、购物和用餐、出游运动、看病就医以及社会实践等。让学生饰演外国人角色举行语言实践,将死板的内容寓于有趣的情景教学之中,将课堂酿成了生动的英语外交场所。教学JEFC BookⅠ(A)Lesson 58 的Part One 时,以同桌两人为一个小组,一个饰演Mother,另一个饰演Tom,让学生根据对话内容举行情景对话。先让Tom趴在桌子上佯睡,个体学生还发出了酣声,Mother推着Tom急促地喊,“Tom! Tom! It's time to get up”这时Tom懒洋洋地问“What's the time, Mum?”当听到Mother回复“It's seven 。It's time to go to school”时,Tom突然从甜梦中惊醒说“Oh, dear! I'm late”接下来Mother告诉Tom, “Don't worry, Tom。 You can go with Dad today” Tom这才松了一口气。整个教学历程虽有点乱,且个体学生饰演得甚至比较“疯狂”,但他们那份全身心投入的劲让人感动。

一堂情景课,学生积极参与,教师和学生打成一片,尊重学生,给学生创造轻松、愉快的学习环境只有这样学生才感兴趣。才可品尝成功的喜悦和成就感。一堂课就是一个完整的艺术品,不仅要有一个好的开始和发展,也要有一个好的结尾。根据不同的情况下课前可给学生设置一个新的“悬念”,留一个耐人寻味的问题,放一遍课文录音,让学生小结一下课堂主要内容,唱一首歌曲等。总之,一堂课,始终要让学生学得轻松愉快、兴趣盎然。 继而让每位学生都觉得 缺不了自己,而且能淋漓尽致地运用自己所学,教师做到让学生感到被尊重、被关注,从而激发英语学习兴致。

二、巧设课堂

一堂英语课的成功与否,往往取决于课堂气氛是否活跃。可以设想,课堂上死水一潭,学生听得昏昏欲睡,纵使教者水平再高,其效果也是不敢恭维的。因此,作为英语教师都有必要思考这样一个问题,即如何有效地激活英语课堂气氛 。

1、巧“导入”。

课堂教学中“导入”的重要性是不言而喻的,正所谓“好的开头等于成功的一半”。一个高明的教者绝对不会说“今天我们学习某课/某单元”之类乏味的话来导入,而是采用各种不同的方式来巧妙导入。譬如上Unit1 Good Friends这一课时,我是以一种激情化的方式导入的,让全班学生跟着周华健的《朋友》一起唱;从而从歌词中让学生体会什么是真正的朋友。在Healthy Eating 这一单元中,则是以直观的图片导入,让学生判断什么是垃圾食品,什么是健康食品,从而自然地导入到上课的主题。

2、巧“设问”。

英语教学中找准能启发学生思维的问题,有利于激活课堂教学气氛。一个或几个巧妙而富有创意或者能引起学生关注的问题,足可以激活整个课堂气氛。

如第十单元The world around us. 这一单元主要是关于如何保护动物,保护环境的主题,在给学生看了部分濒危动物的图片后,然后提出了这样一个问题:Do you know any other endangered animals in the world? 学生反应很大,迅速讨论起来并大声的说出了一些濒危动物的名称。之后我又紧跟着了问了两个问题:Why are they in danger? 和 What can we do to help endangered animals? 学生都饶有兴趣,一下子活跃了整个课堂气氛。在提问时,我也注意一些后进生的反应,对他们我一般提一些较为简单的问题,让他们也能体会到这种回答出问题的喜悦感,并多加表扬,使他们的心灵感到一种莫大的鼓舞与慰藉,从而激发了他们的学习兴趣,唤回他们的好奇心和求知积极性,促进师生在生动和谐的课堂气氛中愉快地教与学。

3、巧“搭配”。

英语教学活动多,一堂课可以采用Pair work、或Group work与全班活动科学安排巧搭配,让学生在“活动”中真正实现自主、合作式学习,轻松愉快地完成各自的学习任务。如在第七单元Cultural Relics这一单元的Speaking部分,有一个主题是关于是否要将一个历史比较悠久的寺庙拆毁,而建成一处新的居民区,如何解决这个问题,我是以一个会议的形式,将全班分成四大小组,每个小组都是参会者,分别担任专家、开发商、村民A和村民B等角色,让他们讨论后来谈谈自己的观点,然后我选了一个口语比较好的学生来当村长,主持这个会议。学生积极性都很高,纷纷讨论起来,在这个活动中小组内的学生群策群力把自己得想法表达出来,试图能说服其他组,既培养了学生的群体意识、合作精神,又培养了学生综合运用英语的能力,收到了很好地教学实效,从而激发学生学习英语的兴趣。

三、激励意识

每一个学生都蕴藏着极大的学习潜能,,在教学上尽可能地为学生提供学习空间,运用激励机制,让学生在学习英语历程中获得兴趣,获得满足感和乐成感。

1、激起学生寻找目的的兴趣与求知欲。

教学目的是课堂教学的起点,是师生配合运动的指向。初中学生往往对篇幅较长的课文缺乏应有的耐心,难以认真研读,这就要求我们在仔细钻研教材时,认真思索怎样设计教学目的。例如在教JEFC Book 3, Lesson 10 “Make Our World More Beautiful”一课时,可以问“What do you think we should do to make our world beautiful?”先让学生大胆想象、回复,然后再让学生从课文中找谜底,这样可以让学生在阅读课文时去明白课文内容,知道为了使我们的天下变得更漂亮,我们应该做什么,我们不应该做什么。学生明确了学习目的,就发生了寻找目的的念头与兴趣,充分发挥教学目的的导向作用和激励作用。

2、让学生增强创新意识,给予适当激励。

在平时的英语教学中,应多角度、多方位设置多种思索题,拓宽生长学生横向、类比、逆向、遐想等发散头脑,使学生不单停留在明白和掌握所学内容的表层,而且能够使用现学知识,联合已学知识去缔造、探索,造就发散头脑,增强创新意识。如在学习“Asking the way”时,可用图片或幻灯片引导学生,设置一些疑问,“Where is …?” “Which is the way to …?”“How can I get to …?”“Which bus shall I take?”“Where is the bus stop?”勉励学生认真思索,努力回答问题,引导学生的发散思维和创新意识。

想法英语篇5

关键词:高职院校;语法教学;构想

1introduction

recent developments in language teaching have left many doubting about how to teach grammar. how to teach it effectively and meaningfully is the problem we face. the traditional ways of grammar teaching has been beaten by the communicative approaches. but they still have some instructive meanings. in designing a language class, one of the first things is to identify the influential factors that have to be taken account. at least the designer should consider the features unique to the learning of a language. learning a language well always means the use of ears, mouth, hands, brain, etc. as well as the eyes. this will mean significant adjustment of a learning class involving a lot of contents including the materials and the activities. and this is one of the reasons why modern language classes are usually all communicative, with very rare exceptions. from his experience, the writer finds that the traditional ways of grammar teaching such as deduction and induction are still instructive. thus,he wants to try a comprehensive way to teach english grammar. this paper tries to introduce a comprehensive approach of teaching english rammar in context instead of in isolation.

2the students’ background

2.1features of students in vocational college

if a language class is communicative, it is then basically learner-centered. therefore most of the influential factors in the designing of such a class will be very much related to or decided by the nature and need of the learners in question.

a language-teaching plan may be viewed as the teachers’ main guidelines, but it is the students who are set to benefit. therefore when planning a class, first one has to learn about the learners, who the learners are and what they do. research has shown the differences between college students and child language learners, which must be considered in the planning of a language class. some experts summaries 10 characteristics of college language learners, which may serve as a guide for the class planning. college students, for instance, are more likely to be learning rather than acquiring a new language, and this feature should exclude some popular materials and activities as unsuitable to them. yet college students can learn more efficiently, because they have a greater emory storage capacity, a greater capacity for analytic reasoning and can develop a strong instrumental motivation. to them, the subject matter involved in the learning can be more abstract, serious, less playful but more formal, and, so far as the input is comprehensible, and at the appropriate level, they can be quite efficient classroom learners. all these differ from child learners’ needs, creating wholly different teaching plan.

2.2students’ needs

most of the students have learned english for more than six years with a vocabulary of about 2 500 words and superficial knowledge of grammar for many reasons. some of them have jobs and even have quitted learning english for many years. english is mostly taught at middle schools using the traditional grammar-translation method, because of the exam-centered education system. this emphasis on examinations is due to the perception that results are superior to other qualifications in evaluating a teacher’s work. in order to cope with the demands of these exams, lessons are usually teacher-oriented, with teachers predominantly using chinese to teach english. therefore, students had little opportunities to accept a new teaching method. they want to obtain more knowledge of grammar in order to understand and use the target language correctly and effectively.

3constructive thinking of grammar teaching

3.1rationales

designers should not forget the findings in language learning that learners, adults or children, share a similar language acquisition sequence. teachers should work with such a process rather than against it. thus, the theoretical basis of the design of a grammar class is supposed to include the following elements.

3.2teaching methodology —— traditional and communicative

approach

teaching methods influence the result that produces in classroom teaching. traditional ways in chinese classroom teaching have been questioned and new approaches are being tried. grammar should be taught in a context, not rules and structures alone. penny ur(1988)suggests that: “when we teach grammar, we are —— or should be —— getting the learners to learn quite a number of different, though related, bits of knowledge and skills: how to recognize the examples of structure, how to produce the form, how to understand its meaning in context, and produce meaningful sentences using it themselves.”

as described above, grammar should be taught and practiced as a means of communication, rather than as a means of correcting the accuracy of individual sentences. learners should be taught how to form correct structures and also their functions, as the first step towards meaningful communication. learners should have a reason to use the information given in an exercise. grammar should be best introduced through a traditional approach. then, once students have a fairly thorough understanding of the grammar point, they are gently led into some communicative activities that allow them to demonstrate and consolidate their knowledge of that grammar point. in this way the communicative approach is not intended as a replacement for the traditional one, but as a supplement to it.

3.3psychological basis —— humanistic psychology

this theory initiates the full development of individual potential and realization of self-value. it proposes that a friendly and harmonious environment is the premise to satisfy the needs of both teachers and learners. s. p. corder, a famous applied linguist, has pointed out that language teachers actually cannot teach a language to students, what they can do is to create a harmonious language-learning environment for them.

3.4center of the grammar class —— learners and learning

since learners are the cores of the learning and learning is the process to achieve learners’ target, the grammar class is to focus primarily on both the learners and the learning. it is both learner-centered and learning-centered and the learners’ autonomy is to be emphasized.

4the principles and aims of the teaching plan

a teacher should prepare his/her lesson sufficiently, explain clearly and use various teaching aids to stimulate the students’ interest. good classroom control should be maintained and the teaching content should not only be presented theoretically but also put into practice.

at the same time, the students should be more relaxed, increasing the effectiveness of their study. they should be encouraged to participate and interact closely both with their classmates and the teacher. an environment should be created where they feel free to express their ideas without inhibition. so the aims are:

a.to provide students with opportunities to develop their language use.

b.to raise awareness of the communicative approach to grammar.

c.to get the students to study grammar using the communicative approach.

4.1teaching content: the basic usages of infinitive

4.2the objectives

d.to give the students practice in the use of the basic usages of infinitive

e.to understand the principles of communicative approach, deduction and induction to grammar.

4.3teaching procedure

step one: warming-up activities(2 minutes)

greetings: good morning, everyone! how are you today?

we learned auxiliaries in chapter 18 last time. this morning we’ll learn chapter 19 —— non-finite verb. did you preview this chapter before class?did you find any difference from what you had learned in the middle school?

comments: some students may say “yes” and some may say “no”. no matter what answers will be, teachers should get some information about the students. as mentioned before, there are some differences between a practical english grammar written by professor zhang daozhen and our textbook —— an english grammar for general readers written by professor zhang zhenbang

introduction: finite verb and non-finite verb

verb can be classified as finite-verb and non-finite verb according to its

changes in person and number. finite-verb is subjected to its subject’s person and number while non-finite verb is not. non-finite verb includes infinitive, participle(present and past participle) and gerund. and now we’ll learn the basic usages of infinitive on page 380 of your textbook.

step two: the basic usages of infinitive(8 minutes)

the sentence functions of infinitive can be used as subject, predicative, object, attributive, adverbial, subjective complement and objective complement of a sentence. let’s see the following sentences. please pay attention to the underlined parts.

a.his plan is to spend a few days in the mountains.

b.lei feng’s only desire was to be useful to the people and the country.

c.to make a decision without knowing all facts is difficult.

d.it’s necessary for us to master a foreign language.

e.she began to learn french at the age of twelve.

f.what do you plan to do tomorrow?

g.perhaps this would be a good chance to go to hainan.

h.she was the only one to look after the child.

i.in 1918 he went to japan to study medical science.

j.the girls jumped with joy to hear the news.

l.he asked you to call him back at 11 o’clock.

m.please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.

step three: questions(5 minutes)

a.can you tell me the sentence functions of infinitive in the above sentences?

b.ask one or two students to answer the question.

c.comments on the students’ answers.

step four: summing-up(15 minutes)

a.the infinitive in sentences a and b is used as predicative.

b.the infinitive in sentences c and d is used as subjects. please pay attention to the different sentence patterns.

c.the infinitive in sentences e and f is used as objects. note:the infinitive used as object is often cited behind transitive verb. the following verbs often have infinitive as their objects, such as want, like, wish, hate, start, forget, pretend, decide, expect etc.

d.the infinitive in sentences g and h is used as attributive. the infinitive used as attributive is often cited behind the noun or pronoun it modifies.

e.the infinitive in sentences is used as adverbial, expressing purpose and cause respectively. besides when infinitive is used as adverbial, it can also express result and degree.

e.g. he lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

(result)

mary wouldn’t be so careless as to forget her key.

(degree)

f.the infinitive in sentences l and m is used as objective complement. but if sentence l is changed into passive voice, its infinitive is subjective complement.

e.g. you are asked to call him back at 11 o’clock.

furthermore, the following verbs may have infinitive as their objective complement, such as:tell, order, invite, force, allow, expect, encourage, advise, permit, persuade etc. the following verbs may have infinitive without “to” as their compound objects, such as:make, have, let, see, hear, watch, notice etc.

e.g. did you notice him leave the house?

i often hear her sing in her room.

if the sentences above are changed into passive voice, the objective complements in original sentences have become subjective complement, “to” can not be omitted.

e.g. was he noticed to leave the house?

she is often heard to sing in her room.

step five: classroom activity(8 minutes)

direction: identify the usages of infinitive in the following sentences.

a.mrs. brown made me stay in new york for two more weeks.

b.go in quietly so as not to wake up the baby.

c.a few years later she came home to find that her hometown had greatly changed.

d.she usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.

e.i like to go for walks in the warm sunshine.

f.her wish is to marry an honest man.

g.it’s important to make a plan for our future.

h.the old man sat down to have a rest.

(walk around to find out if the students have any questions to ask and be ready to answer or explain)

step six: homework(2 minutes)

a.review what we have learned in this period after class.

b.discuss the basic usages of infinitive with your classmates.

c.do the exercises on page 387.

5conclusion

the learning activities based on this design turn out to be effective, but it seems a little time-consuming. many teachers only adopted approaches of deducing and inducing when teaching english grammar in the past decades. it was helpful in language learning. but i think the traditional approaches are not the most effective ones, especially in stimulating the students’ interest, motivation and tactics in language learning. comprehensive ways of grammar teaching makes the students more active in class and understand what they learn more thoroughly.

references

1 david, n. “communicative language teaching: making it works”[j]. elt journal, 41/2, 1987

2 jeremy, h. the practice of english language teaching[m]. longman ltd, 1983

3 liu longxi. “designing a grammar workshop”[j]. teaching english in china, vol.26 no.2, 2003

4 susan, h. grammar matters[m]. citl, 1993

5 xia jimei. foreign language course design modern theory & practice [m]. shanghai: shanghai foreign language education press, 2003

6 zou xiandao. “planning a language programme”[j]. teaching english in china, vol.25 no.3, 2002

7 zhang daozhen. a practical english grammar [m]. commercial press, 1979

想法英语篇6

关键词: 小学英语教学 教学方法 教学实践

一、时常反思教学,及时发现问题,有效调整策略。

有效教学的构建要求教师在实际教学过程中,时常反思教学,及时发现问题,有效调整策略。只有教师具备反思的意识,反思每一节课的得与失,思考每一节课的教学内容是否适度,教学步骤是否符合学生的认知规律,教学方法使用是否适当等问题,然后带着问题回顾课堂实际,发现教学中存在的问题,并有针对性地调整自己的教学行为,掌握相关的教学策略,才能对具体的情景做出相应的决策,提高农村英语课堂教学的有效性,获取最大的教学效益。教师要从教学的准备、教学的实施、教学的评价三方面入手,自始至终关注学生的进步和发展,关注教学效益,关注教学中的可测性。积极实践,不断探索,针对实际工作中出现的问题和学生身心特点,总结规律,认真思考,不断摸索。

二、调整并优化师生对英语学习的心理状态。

在农村中小学英语教学实践中,我发现随着学生年级的增高,教学内容的加深,有些学生学习兴趣减弱,直至放弃英语学习,这已经成了困扰师生的事实。究其原因,我认为是师生对英语学习的心理状态出现了问题。原因是诸多因素导致的“教不得法”、“学不用心”,即教师教学形式、学习评价单一、呆板,学生学习无趣无味。因此,教师首先要调整好自己的心态,坚信学生是可以学好英语的,对学生充满信心,使学生在深得信任和期待的气氛中学习,自尊、自信,这样才能点燃学生进取的火花。通过鼓励性的话语,学生能充满自信地投入到学习活动中,学会欣赏别人的优点。其次,在教学内容上努力激发学生的“求知欲”,在教学形式上力求新颖多样,满足学生新奇感。如通过不断变化教学手段:有时引导学生做游戏,有时引导学生进行竞赛,有时引导学生进行表演……充分调动学生学习的主动性和积极性,使其大脑处于最佳的活动状态,充分发挥优势机体的潜能,具有良好的心理状态。另外,在学习评价上力求形式多样,通过不同层面的考察,使不同智力水平的学生都能体验到成功的喜悦。帮助后进生增强学习的信心,体验成功的喜悦。

三、注重学生学习兴趣的培养。

兴趣是最好的老师。中小学生有极为强烈的好奇心和求知欲,这是促使他们认识新事物、获取新知识的强大动力。一个成功的英语教师要在教学中有意识地培养学生对英语的持久兴趣,激励学生不断处于较佳的学习状态之中,不能让他们感到是一种负担,要培养他们的学习乐趣。尤其是小学低年级英语教学,应设计丰富多彩的课堂活动培养学生学习的热情,调动每一位学生的学习积极性,使他们在玩中学、做中学、画中学、唱中学。同时,中小学生好胜心强,教学设计应具有挑战性。教学活动的开展既可培养学生的竞争意识,又可培养他们的成功感,并树立必胜的信心。为了使学生能始终保持高涨的学习兴趣,教师要加倍努力,让学生通过听听、说说、做做、摸摸、唱唱、玩玩、演演等方式学习,用亲切的微笑、眼神、语言和游戏、比赛等鼓励学生积极参与、大胆表达,使学生在宽松、民主、愉快的气氛中发展听、说、读、写的综合语言技能,不断体验到成功的快乐。让学生变兴趣为参与实践的动力,并在漫长的教学过程中始终保持这种兴趣,为语言实践活动提供源源不断的动力,这样才能提高教学效率。

四、营造轻松、愉悦、快乐的课堂氛围。

学生在轻松、愉悦、快乐的氛围中学习会很放松,可以充分展示自我。在课堂教学中,教师要结合学生的年龄特点,转换角色,和他们一起表演,一起唱一起跳,一起做游戏,让他们感觉教师是他们当中的一员,从而在心理上得到充分的放松。比如当有的同学上来做小老师,我就主动坐到他的位子上当学生,给他们充分发挥的空间。高年级学生心理敏感度明显比低年级学生强,他们更渴望被尊重、被认可。对高年级学生来说,更重要的是营造友好、平等的课堂氛围,真正成为他们的朋友。因此,宽松、愉悦、充满爱意的课堂氛围是克服学生心理障碍、降低焦虑的有效途径。对于学生所犯的语言错误,教师应采取宽容的态度,以鼓励表扬为主,适当批评。教师不能因为他们一个发音不准或说错一句话就严厉地批评他们,以免增加他们的心理负担,使他们产生畏难情绪,焦虑感上升。相反要允许他们出错,并用恰当的手段加以指导。教师宽容的态度有利于减轻学生的心理压力,增强他们的自信心。让学生经常得到自己进步的“反馈”,建立学习的自信心。在课堂教学和批改作业时要总结成绩,指出不足。对于一些作业进步大或有创新的学生,我会在作业本上写上几句鼓励的话语,让他们体会到自己的付出有所得,体会到成功的喜悦。对于不同的学生,教师要给予不同的关注和爱护。课下我会找一些性格内向的学生聊聊天,了解他们想什么,喜欢什么,和他们平等地沟通,架起师生间爱的桥梁。

想法英语篇7

1. 用过去进行时表示

We were coming to see you,but it rained (so we didn’t). 我们本打算来看你的,但是下起雨来了。

I was trying to help but I screwed up again. 我本想帮忙,反而又把事情搞糟了。

2. 用 was [were] going to do sth 表示

―Why didn’t you come to the meeting? 你为什么不来参加会议?

―I was going to,but I caught a bad cold. 我本想来的,但我患了重感冒。

She was going to attend the concert last night,but she was too busy. 她昨晚本想去听音乐会的,但她太忙了。

3. 用want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等动词的过去完成时表示

I had intended to speak,but time did not permit. 我本想发言,但时间不允许。

We had hoped that you would come to see us,but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的,但你没有来。

I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on. 我本想星期一走的,但又留下了。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。

4.用want,think,hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose 的过去式后接不定式的完成式表示

I meant to have told you about it earlier,but I could not come. 我本想早点把这事告诉你,但是我来不了。

I wanted to have told her what I thought,but I didn’t. 我本想把自己的想法告诉她,但我还是没有。

5. 用 want,think,hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose 的过去式表示

I meant to reason with you,but you wouldn’t reason. 我本想和你讲道理,但你不肯讲道理。

He hoped to come with us,but he was too busy. 他本想同我们一起来的,但他太忙了。

I wanted mother’s present to be a secret,but my sister let the cat out of the bag. 给母亲的礼物我本想保密,可是妹妹却露了马脚。

6. 用 would have done 表示

I would have written before,but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。

I would have preferred a bed,but beggars can’t be choosers so I slept on the sofa. 我本想要张床,但是叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦,所以我就睡在沙发上了。

7. 用 should [would] like [love] to have done 表示

I should like to have seen it (but it wasn’t possible). 我本想事前看到的(但这不可能)。

I would like to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 昨晚我本想去参加晚会的,但我要加班写一个报告。

I’d love to have taken him round the factory,but I was too busy. 我本想带他去厂里看看,但我太忙了。

8. 其他比较灵活的表达

The surprise party turned out as flat as a pancake. 这次本想让大家感到惊奇的聚会到头来却十分扫兴。

We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。

想法英语篇8

论文关键词:培养,初中生,英语口语,能力,想法

 

几乎所有中国的学生由于长期生活在汉语的语言环境中,缺乏必要的英语语言环境。学生的英语学习变得困难,学生听得少、讲得更少,就更别说使用英语进行交流了。同时由于多种因素的制约,课堂教学很难实现小班化,班级的学生人数过多,教学的效果比较差,再加上学生的英语基础相对比较弱,学生听英语的机会太少。这样如果教师不注意这方面的教学的话,就很容易导致绝大部分的学生产生一种心理障碍:由于学得不好,害怕讲不好而不敢讲,不敢开口就更学不好,久而久之,就陷入一种恶性循环,使得学生的口语表达能力越来越差。

那么如何改变这种局面,加强口语教学,培养学生表达能力?笔者认为必须有计划、有侧重地对学生系统地进行“说”的能力培养。

一、增强自信,变“怕说”为“敢说”

刚升入初中的学生,受特定的生理、心理等因素的影响,口头表达能力较弱,思想上对这一问题也不够重视。在这种情况下,首先,要鼓励他们大胆发言。我们采取的训练对策是:在起始阶段,只要学生能勇敢地站起来或走上讲台,无论“说多说少”,“说对说错”,“说好说差”,一律报以热烈掌声,并且将“口语表达”的平时成绩评定为“良好”以上。这就使他们彻底放下心理包袱,迈出成功的一步。

其次,要引导他们大声说英语,努力做到口齿清楚、声音洪亮。在英语课前五分钟的“FreeTalkShow”中,要求他们能做到发音准确,语调、连续正确,要能够使教室的每一个角落、每一位同学都能听清楚说话者的每一个单词、每一个句子。一般说来,女生往往内向、害羞,不好意思在大庭广众中“亮相”,我就特许她们两三个人一组,或者老师带她读、陪她读,允许他们反复读等,直到他们最终觉得满意为止。

二、培养兴趣,变“敢说”为“爱说”

八年级时,在以“读”为主的基础上,加强了以“说”为主的训练,进一步提出了“连冠”、“简要”、“得体”的目标,具体做法如下:

首先是“连贯”,既能保持话题的一致性,注意合理的句序和句与句之间的衔接、过渡、呼应等。平时举办的主题为“一次有意义的活动”的讲演活动很受学生的欢迎。不少同学早在讲演一个星期前就四处收集材料,认真撰写讲演稿,对着录音机反复试讲等。既充分训练了学生的口头表达能力,又有机地培养了学生写作简单的英语小文章的能力,同时,还使大家的情感、道德和价值观在潜移默化中得到了熏陶和升华。

其次是“简要”,既简洁、明白。在数字化时代,信息的传递必须要做到准确、快捷、扼要。为此,我们进行了“看图说话”的训练,通常是制定学生走上讲台,对照多媒体展示的画面仔细观察,然后用最简洁的语言概括画面内容、揣摩人物心理、补出相关情节、形成简短的故事。

再次是“得体”,结合“与人交流注意对象、场合,用语要文明得体”的专题知识,我要求学生用语一定要努力适应具体的语言环境。在讲故事比赛时,评委主要从普通话、表情、熟练程度、生动性、语音、动作等方面进行综合打分,通过月评选、学期评选和年度评选三个环节,最终评出了“故事大王”一名,“故事员”五名,并给予了适当奖励,极大地调动了学生“说”的积极性和创造性,同时也提高了“说”的品位。形式多样、生动有趣的训练,使学生觉得说话有“章”可循,说话其乐无穷,自然地实现了由“敢说”到“爱说”的第二次飞跃。

三、激发情感,变“爱说”为“会说”

到了九年级,学生无论是在接受能力还是理解能力方面,都较七、八年级有了明显的提高,心理素质也明显增强了。所以,口语的标准也相应提高了:在参加讨论或进行辩论时,能对别人的意见发表自己的看法,做到观点正确,有条例;能借助提纲脱稿演讲,做到中心明确,思路清晰;还要能做到即兴发言等。具体地说,就是要做到:严密、流畅、动情,以实现由“爱说”到“会说”的第三次飞跃。

所谓严密,就是在说话的过程中不仅要防止重复,减少失误,甚至连不必要的停顿、口头禅也要避免,既连冠地表达思想观点,不离话题,又要听出讨论的焦点,有针对性地发表意见,努力做到合乎逻辑、滴水不漏。

所谓流畅,不仅指说话时要非常熟练,而且特别要注意顺序和详略,才能做到条理清晰。在指导学生进行“现场解说”时,首先要求他们认真观察画面上动物或建筑物的特点,,然后让他们按照一定的顺序、借助于适当的表达方式、用简洁的语言来表述。大家发现,不仅要对事物的表面认真观察,而且要有丰富的想象力和合理的推理能力,才能达到理想的效果。后来,我又放映了体育比赛和科学探究方面的精彩片断,让学生试着配音。学生兴趣很浓,但专业知识匮乏的弊端明显地凸显出来了,于是我又因势利导进行了要树立“大英语观”和学会做生活的有心人等方面的教育,学生频频点头。

所谓动情,是指说话时感情强烈、爱憎分明,能真正打动别人,尤其表现在演讲和辩论时。我们组织学生观看了在省城举办的首届中学生英语辩论会的精彩录像,激起了他们浓厚的兴趣和极大的热情。

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