时间：2022-10-20 03:54:56
问：The Yeti is said to be a large， hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 一句中... is said to be... 是什么用法？它和常见的It is said that... 句型可以互相转换吗？（牛津版高中英语教材模块二Page 18）
答：在句中，Sb./Sth. is said to... 表示“据说某人/某物……”，此句型可以转换为It’s said that...。
在句型Sb./Sth.is said to do...中，动词不定式可以有不同的时态形式：
to do... 据说某人将要做某事
to be doing... 据说某人正在做某事
to have done... 据说某人已经做了某事
to have been doing... 据说某人一直在做某事
例如：Tom is said to get married next month. 据说汤姆将于下月结婚。（=It is said that Tom will get married next month.）
Everything in Sichuan is said to be getting better and better. 据说四川一切都正在变得越来越好。（=It is said that everything in Sichuan is getting better and better.）
Leonardo da Vinci was said to have bought birds kept in cages to have the pleasure of setting them free. 据说里奥纳多·达·芬奇会买一些被关在笼子里的鸟，为了享受放飞小鸟的乐趣。（=It was said that Leonardo da Vinci had bought birds kept in cages to have the pleasure of setting them free.）
上述Sb./Sth. is said to...和It’s said that...句型中动词say也可以换为report，believe，think，suppose， know， announce等词，如：
问：在We’ll live with the local people in their villages， and eat and drink whatever they do. 一句中whatever可以换成no matter what吗？为什么？（牛津版高中英语教材模块二Page 23）
答：不可以。在本句中whatever引导的是宾语从句，whatever they do是一个宾语从句，充当eat和drink的宾语。whatever可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，而no matter what 只能引导让步状语从句。
A. whatever 作代词，引导名词性从句比what语气更强，相当于anything that， 意为“任何……的事物”，这时候不能用no matter what替换。
例如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. 这些野花很特别，我无论如何也要救活它们。（宾语从句）
Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。（主语从句）
B. whatever作代词，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what， 意为“无论什么，不管什么”。
例如：Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么，都别信。
whatever和no matter what引导让步状语从句时，句子常采用省略形式。
例如：Whatever your argument （is）， I shall hold to my decision. 不管你怎样争辩，我还是坚持自己的决定。
C. whatever作形容词，和所修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。
例如：We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford. 你买得起多少，我们都欢迎。
Whatever difficulties we meet， we can work them out. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。
【扩展】however=no matter how，引导让步状语从句，其后常接形容词或副词。
wherever=no matter where，whenever=no matter when，它们都引导让步状语从句。
whichever与no matter which都可引导让步状语从句；whichever亦可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who，anything that。
whoever和no matter who都可引导让步状语从句；whoever亦可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who。
例如：Whoever （Anyone who） breaks the law will be punished. 无论谁犯法都会受到惩罚。
I’d rather have a room of my own， however small （it is）， than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
Whichever book you borrow， you must return it in a week. 你无论借哪一本书，都必须在一周内归还。
问：在It is in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races， together with swimming， sailing and all the team sports. 一句中的that可以改作when吗？为什么？（人教版高中英语必修二Page 10）
答：不可以。在本句中，“It is/was+被强调的成分+that+其他成分”是强调句型的结构。如果被强调的是人的话，that也可以替换成who， 强调其他则用that。被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是句子的主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
例如：It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work. 是因为母亲生病了，她才没有来上班。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
上面的例句中去掉in的话，则引导词that应该换成when，但此时when引导的就是定语从句了，即：
Was it 1939 when the Second World War broke out？是1939年二战爆发的时候吗？
如何判断该句是否是强调句呢？如果把句中的It is/was...that...去掉，剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，那就是强调句型，否则就不是。
例如：It is clear that not all boys like football. 显然不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。
去掉It is...that...后句子成了Clear not all boys like football. 很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句型，而是it作形式主语引导的一个主语从句。