弄清错误设置规律 把握错误改正方法
时间：2022-10-06 04:44:53
高考英语短文改错题是考查对语言知识和语法知识常见错误发现与改正能力的试题。弄清错误设置规律把握错误改正方法是解题的关键。
一、弄清名词错误设置规律，把握名词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置名词单复数错误和名词所有格错误。
1. 分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓语一致的特点和语境的逻辑意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。
例1：From the time I was about four until I was about six， I destroyed each of my toy.（2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：each of应修饰复数名词，所以toy应改为toys。
例2：The food was wonderful with reasonable prices， and we enjoyed several local dish. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：several应修饰复数名词，因此dish应改为dishes。
例3：…there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：six表示复数概念，因此mile应改为miles。
例4：…and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. （2012年浙江卷）
解析：two后面应接复数名词，因此week应改为weeks。
例5：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：luggage为不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此luggages应改为luggage。
例6：Like the rest of my classmate，I didnt really want to get close to her.
解析：classmate为可数名词，被the rest of修饰时应用复数形式，因此classmate应改为classmates。
例7：As the old man looked over the things on the ground that were to be sold， he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.
解析：ball为可数名词，被a box of修饰时应用复数形式，因此ball应改为balls。
2.分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。
例1：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
解析：friend后面省略了house，因此此处应用所有格形式，friend应改为friends。
例2：I was playing at my cousin house.
解析：my cousin与house之间有所属关系，因此cousin应改为cousins。
二、弄清冠词错误设置规律，把握冠词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题在冠词这一角度常设置下列错误：表示“一……”的含义时不用a/an修饰名词，然而不可数名词前面却用a/an修饰；表示特指时不用定冠词the修饰名词，不表示特指时却用定冠词the修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用定冠词the；将不定冠词a与an混用，元音发音开头的单词前用a修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用an修饰。解题时应分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用定冠词the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词用an修饰，辅音发音开头的单词用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。
例1：It is suchgreat hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：此处表示“一……”，因此应加a。
例2：…and after that I would go to Xiamen forlong holiday.
解析：此处表示“一……”，因此应加a。
例3：He was right there in the front of me！
解析：表示“在……前面”应用习惯表达in front of，因此此处的the应删除。
三、弄清连词错误设置规律，把握连词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置多用、少用与误用连词错误。
1. 分析两个并列内容之间的逻辑关系可以发现并改正并列连词错误。
例1：It is in the downtown area， but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：此处不表示转折关系而表示因果关系或递进式并列关系，因此but应改为so/ and。
例2：I called my parents， so I did not tell them what had happened. （2012年浙江卷）
解析：这里不表示因果关系而表示转折关系，因此so应改为but。
例3：I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.
解析：这里不表示转折关系而表示递进式并列关系，因此but应改为and。
例4：I didnt have my camera with me at that time， but I rushed back home to get it.
解析：两个分句之间为因果关系或递进式并列关系，因此but应改为so/ and。
例5：Without a moments delay， his neighbor picked up the box but announced， “Ill take them.”
解析：这里表示递进式并列关系，因此but应改为and。
2. 分析复合句主句和从句之间的逻辑关系可以发现与改正复合句连词错误。
例1：But before long they began to see which was happening. （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：此处表示“……的内容”，因此which应改为what。
例2：In the end， we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：此处表示“直到”，因此unless应改为until / till。
四、弄清形容词、副词错误设置规律，把握形容词、副词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置形容词与副词混用错误和形容词与副词比较等级形式运用错误。
1. 形容词可修饰名词和作be动词的表语，副词可修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词或整个句子，弄清这一点可以发现与纠正形容词与副词混用错误。
例1：We lived in a comfortably doubleroom with a big bath. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：doubleroom为名词，应用形容词修饰，所以comfortably应改为comfortable。
例2：Unfortunate， the only problem was the journey home. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：此处修饰整个句子，应用副词，因此Unfortunate应改为Unfortunately。
例3：When she dropped me off， I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.
解析：pulled out为行为动词，应用副词修饰，因此slow应改为slowly。
例4：She was， in fact， rather attractively…
解析：be动词之后，应用形容词作表语，因此attractively应改为attractive。
例5：They ate silently， and it was clearly that things were not going well.
解析：was为连系动词，应用形容词修饰，因此clearly应改为clear。
2. 比较级用于两个人/物之间做比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上的人/物之间做比较，弄清这一点可以发现与改正形容词与副词比较等级形式错误。
例1：I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.（2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：由more patient and可以推出此处应用little的比较级形式less，因此little应改为less。
例2：…because I was so farther away， and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. （2012年浙江卷）
解析：此处无比较之意，因此farther应改为far。
例3：Since his family was rich than mine， he had more toys than I did.
解析：由than可以反推此处表示“更富有的”，因此rich应改为richer。
五、弄清代词错误设置规律，把握代词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置人称代词混用错误、人称代词属格混用错误和缺少人称代词错误。
1. 分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代可以发现与改正人称代词混用错误。
例1：I was happy when the toys worked， but when things went wrong， I got angry and broke it . （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：分析语境逻辑可知，此处指代the toys，因此it应改为them。
例2：They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way home. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：由made our own way home可以反推此处表示“我们”，因此They应改为We。
例3：It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I began to understand why Christine dressed the way she did.
解析：由we可以推出此处表示“我们的”，因此their应改为our。
例4：As she did this， lots of tea splashed on his T＼|shirt！
解析：由she可以推出此处表示“她的”，因此his应改为her。
2. 主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语，弄清这一点可以发现与纠正人称代词属格错误。
例：After we left， I said， “That was very nice of you， Mother. But I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me，” said Mother cheerfully.
解析：此处为主语，因此宾格形式me应改为主格形式I。
3. 分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少人称代词错误。
例1：There was one in particular Id always wanted I putinto my pocket when he wasnt looking.
解析：put为及物动词，应接宾语，因此处指代上文的one，因此应填it。
例2：For a whileparents bought me new toys. （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：空档缺少了形容词性物主代词，因此while与parents之间应加my。
六、弄清时态错误设置规律，把握时态错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置时态混用错误。
1. 根据时间状语判断时态错误
例1：My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：last month暗示此处为过去性动作，应用一般过去时，因此visit应改为visited。
例2：My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.
解析：the other day暗示此处为过去进行时，因此are应改为were。
例3：One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.
解析：One day暗示此处为过去性动作，应用一般过去时，因此come应改为came。
2. 根据语境逻辑判断时态错误
例1：When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train， my father said… （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：由my father said…可以推出此处表示过去性动作，应用一般过去时，因此tear应改为tore。
例2：Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：分析该句所呈现的语境可以推出此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，因此have应改为had。
例3：I knew that they will be worried about me…（2012年浙江卷）
解析：由knew可以推出此处表示过去将来性动作，因此will应改为would。
例4：She knows what had happened， but she thanked me and never mentioned it again.
解析：由句中had happened， thanked和mentioned的动词形式可以推出此处表示过去性动作，应用一般过去时，所以knows应改为knew。
例5：Unfortunately， by the time I got back， they have finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen anywhere.
解析：此处所示动作在got所示动作之前发生，应用过去完成时，因此have应改为had。
七、弄清语态错误设置规律，把握语态错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置语态混用错误。分析主语和动词之间的执行与承受关系可以发现并改正语态错误。
例：It was turned out to be her own cup， which shed left on the shelf by mistake.
解析：turn out表示“结果被证明是”，无被动语态，因此应删去was。
八、弄清主谓语一致错误设置规律，把握主谓语一致错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置动词单复数形式错误，错误形式为：当主语为复数名词时动词用单数形式，当主语为单数名词时动词用复数形式。分析主语与动词在单复数形式上是否一致可以发现并改正主谓语一致错误。
例1：What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room. （2012年陕西卷）
解析：该句用从句作主语，动词应用单数形式，因此were应改为was。
例2：…but the only clothes I had was those I had on.
解析：the only clothes为复数形式，因此单数动词was应改为复数形式were。
例3：In early January this year， the rate of UFO reports were steady， around three per week.
解析：the rate作主语动词应用单数，因此were应改为was。
九、弄清非谓语动词错误设置规律，把握非谓语动词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题在非谓语动词这一角度常设置：动词与非谓语动词混用错误；非谓语动词各形式混用错误；不定式多用to与少用to错误。
1. 动词与非谓语动词混用错误及非谓语动词各形式混用错误
不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式，具体形式由非谓语成分决定。
例1：I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.
解析：此处作状语，表示主动动作，因此buy应改为buying。
例2：Last Sunday morning， when I was having a walk in the park near my home， I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors.
解析：此处表示“正在拍”，因此make应改为动词ing形式making。
例3：On the box was a card say： “25 cents each.”
解析：此处作后置定语且表示主动动作，因此say应改为saying。
例4：Her hair was black and purple， and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater， even in the summer.
解析：此处作谓语且表示过去性动作，因此worn应改为wore。
例5：I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.
解析：此处表示“失望的”，因此disappointing应改为disappointed。
例6：The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister， but I just thought it was funny！
解析：此处表示“尴尬的”，因此embarrassing应改为embarrassed。
例7：I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple.
解析：此处表示“被占据”，因此occupy应改为过去分词occupied作后置定语。
例8：My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US， which was very interested.
解析：此处表示“令人感兴趣的”，因此interested应改为interesting。
2. 不定式多用to与少用to错误。
绝大多数动词后面接不定式时应带to，但下列情况有所不同：情态动词（ought除外）后面接不定式时应省去to；let， make， have等使役动词后面接不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但改成被动语态作主语补足语时应带to（let的被动语态也可不带to）；感观动词后面接不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但改为被动语态作主语补足语时应带to；help后面接不定式作宾语补足语时可带to也可不带to；why， why not后面接不定式不带to；had better/best， do nothing but， cant but， cant choose but， would rather等短语后面接不定式不带to。
例1：Meanwhile， I found out that with more patience I could make my toys to last. （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：句中make为使役动词，接不定式做宾语补足语时不带to，因此应将这里的to删除。
例2：…and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her.
解析：seem后面应接带to的不定式作宾语，因此此处应加to。
例3：My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.
解析：wanted后面应接带to的不定式作宾语，因此此处应加to。
十、弄清介词错误设置规律，把握介词错误改正方法
高考英语短文改错题常设置多用、少用与误用介词错误。解题时应分析语境逻辑及搭配从而发现并改正介词错误。
例1：Thats it. No more toys to you. （2012年新课标全国卷）
解析：此处表示“为”，因此to应改为for。
解析：此处表示“和”，因此for应改为with。
例2：It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend， Gina. （2012年辽宁卷）
解析：It is kind后面应接ofto do sth结构，因此for应改为of。
例3：Two years ago， I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. （2012年浙江卷）
解析：rent为及物动词，后面无须接介词，因此for应删除。
例4：Luckily I had all my money on my pocket…
解析：此处表示“在……里”，因此on应改为in。
解析：in particular为固定短语，因此on应改为in。
例5：I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
解析：该句使用except that句型，for多余，应删除。
巩固练习
A
One day， on her way to school， Xiao Hua found a wallet near to the bus station. She opened the wallet and found a lot of money and a calling card in them. From the calling card， she knew the owner name， address and telephone number. She thought the owner must very worried. So she went to a public telephone and call the owner. Then she waited at the bus station. Soon the owner came on taxi. Xiao Hua gave the wallet to she. The owner was very thankful to her that she took out a 100＼|yuan note to reward Xiao Hua. And Xiao Hua refused it politely and went on to school.
She felt really very gladly because she did a very good job.
B
Tom and Mike like playing games. After school， they always stayed at the Internet bar until late at night or often had a competition to see whom could win more score in each game. Once， Tom didnt go home until 11：00 pm. When he got to home， he told his mother that he had been reviewing her lessons. She believed him and cooked two eggs for he. “Please pay attention to your health， my dear son.” she said to Tom. Toms face turned red. He realized that he was wrong and he made his mind to study really hardly at his lessons. Later， he did become a good student and was often praise at school and at home.
C
Earth Hour started in Australia when millions of homes and businesses turn off their lights. It calls on people to turn off their lights at a certain time in an hour to make the public to pay attention to global warming. Many cities around world have taken part in the activity active. Beijing also took an active part. At 8：30～9：30 in the evening of March 28， 2009， a good many famous building such as the Birds Nest and Water Cube were in dark. Earth Hour is a good activity to draw peoples attention to care for global warming， and it is not enough. We can also realize this aim by turning off their lights in time and going to bed early.
解析：
1. 由全文最后一句可以推出此处表示过去性动作，应用一般过去时，因此like应改为liked。
2. 此处表示递进式并列关系，因此or应改为and。
3. 此处作主语，应用主格形式，因此whom应改为who。
4. more后接可数名词时应用复数形式，因此score应改为scores。
5. home为副词，前面不可加介词，因此应去掉to。
6. 此处指代汤姆的，因此her应改为his。
7. 此处作介词宾语，应用宾格形式，因此he应改为him。
8. make up ones mind为固定搭配，因此made后面应加up。
9. 此处表示“辛苦地”而不表示“几乎不”，因此hardly应改为 hard。
10. 此处表示“被表扬”，因此praise应改为praised。
C
答案：
Earth Hour started in Australia when millions of homes and businesses turnturned off their lights. It calls on people to turn off their lights at a certain time in for an hour to make the public to ＼＼ pay attention to global warming. Many cities around the world have taken part in the activity activeactively. Beijing also took an active part. At 8：30～9：30 inon the evening of March 28， 2009， a good many famous buildingbuildings such as the Birds Nest and Water Cube were in dark. Earth Hour is a good activity to draw peoples attention to carecaring for global warming， andbut it is not enough. We can also realize this aim by turning off theirour lights in time and going to bed early.
解析：
1. 由started可以推出此处表示过去性动作，因此turn应改为turned。
2. 此处表示“持续一小时”，因此in应改为for。
3. 此处make为使役动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，因此to应删除。
4. world为独一无二的名词，因此前面应加the。
5. take part in为行为动词，应用副词修饰，所以active应改为actively。
6. 2009年3月28日为具体一天，在其晚上应用介词on，因此in应改为on。
7. many应修饰复数名词，因此building应改为buildings。
8. draw ones attention to中的to为介词，应接动词＼|ing形式作宾语，因此care应改为caring。
9. 此处表示转折关系而不表示递进式并列关系，因此and应改为but。
10. 由句首的We可以推出此处表示“我们的”，因此their应改为our。
D
答案：
Last Sunday， because it was hot， and＼＼ Toms parents decided to buy an air conditioner. The next day， Toms class teacher seriously introducesintroduced to the whole class the importance of living a low＼|carbon life. Hearing what athe teacher said in class， Tom was greatly movemoved . After school， he told what his teacher said to his parents and asked them not to buy an air conditioner but buy an electric fan. They gladgladly agreed. What Tom did was really very correct and we should learn from him to use as lesslittle energy as possible inby all kinds of means such as taking a bus or walking instead of drivedriving a car and turning off computercomputers and TV sets when we are not using them.
解析：
1. 上文已用because引导原因状语从句，因此应删去and。
2. The next day暗示此处为过去性动作，因此introduces应改为introduced。
3. 此处的teacher特指上文的Toms class teacher，因此a应改为the。
4. 此处表示“被感动”，因此move应改为moved。
5. 此处作ask的宾语补足语，应由不定式担任，因此应加to。
6. agree为行为动词，应用副词修饰，因此glad应改为gladly。
7. as…as中间应用原级形容词或副词，因此less应改为little。
8. “通过……手段”应表达为by…means，因此in应改为by。
9. of为介词，后面应接动词ing形式，因此drive应改为driving。
10. computer为可数名词，此处表示复数概念，因此computer应改为computers。
