时间：2022-10-02 09:10:23
考点一 only修饰不定式表结果
only 后接不定式作状语时，有时表示目的，有时表示结果（尤其表示让人没有事先想到或令人感到不快的意外结果）。如：
Not content with second place， Jeff played only to win. 杰夫不甘心得第二名，他参加比赛就是为了夺冠。（句中的only to win表目的）
He rushed to the airport only to miss his flight by two minutes. 他匆匆到了机场，不料却晚到两分钟而误了航班。（句中的only to miss...表结果）
根据近几年的考题情况来看，高考命题者似乎只对only修饰不定式表结果感兴趣，如2012年就有多道题直接考查了这一用法：
Tom took a taxi to the airport， only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他的飞机已飞上了天空。（四川卷）
George returned after the war， only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来，结果却被告知他妻子已经离他而去了。（山东卷）
另外补充以下典型例句，请同学们认真体会：
I arrived only to find that the others had already left. 我到达时发现其他人都已经离开了。
I arrived at the shop only to find I？蒺d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
I arrived at the campsite， only to discover that it was closed for the winter. 我到了营地，才知道那儿冬季不开放。
Garry answered the door only to be knocked flying as two policemen came rushing in. 加里去开门，结果却被冲进来的警察撞得老远。
考点二 only修饰状语置于句首
当“only +状语”置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，此时的only意为“只有”，强调唯一性和排他性。请看2012年的两个高考真题例句：
Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. 只是由于运气特别好，她才得以从上涨的洪水中逃出来。（上海卷）
Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake. 玛丽只在第二次读她的作文后，她才注意到那拼写错误。（天津卷）
另外补充以下典型例句，请同学们认真体会：
Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
Only here were the police visible in any strength at all. 只有在这里才能看到寥寥几个警察。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。
注意，若置于句首的“only+状语”不强调唯一性或排他性，其中的only表示“只是”，相当于just或as recently as等，此时其后的句子则不用倒装。如
Only today I saw her—she looks much better. 我今天还见过她——她看起来好多了。
Only yesterday， it seemed to her， she had born Sophia. 她似乎觉得她昨天才生的索菲娅。
Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn？蒺t last long， did it？ 就在上个星期你还说过你不再吸烟了。你的话过不了多久就不算数，是不是？
考点三 not only后接完整句子
not only...but also...（不但……而且……）是同学们比较熟悉的一个结构，它不仅可用于连接两个词或短语，有时还可用于连接两个句子，此时若将not only置于句首，那么其后所接的句子则要用部分倒装的形式。请看两个高考真题例句：
Not only did they bring snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. 他们去森林里野餐时，不仅带了零食和饮料，而且还带了扑克牌作为娱乐。（上海卷）
Not only will help be given to the disabled to find jobs， but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. 不仅要帮助残疾人找到工作，而且还要为那些有需要的残疾人提供医疗服务。（湖北卷）
另外补充以下典型例句，请同学们认真体会：
Not only did he turn up late， he also forgot his books. 他不仅迟到了，而且还忘了带书。
Not only did we lose our money， but we were nearly killed. 我们不但丢了钱，而且几乎丧了命。
Not only did I speak to her， I even got her autograph！ 我不仅同她说了话，甚至还得到了她的签名。
有时也可见到不倒装的情形，此时主要见于but also后接省略结构的情况（省略只剩下主语）。如：
Not only my mother was unhappy， but Marian， too. 不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐。
【边学边练】
1. He survived the crash only in the desert.
A. to die B. dying
C. to have died D. having died
2. He raced through the living room， only the front door closed.
A. to find B. finding
C. to have found D. having found
3. He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase， only from his job soon after he？蒺d received it.
A. to resign B. resigning
C. to have resigned D. having resigned
4. Dan made a break for his car only the driver？蒺s door locked.
A. to find B. finding
C. to have found D. having found
5. The pilot reassured the passengers. then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
A. Even B. Just C. Only D. Since
6. if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members.
A. Even B. Just C. Only D. Since
7. Only then how much damage had been caused.
A. he realized B. he had realized
C. had he realized D. did he realize
8. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours a decision.
A. they reached B. did they reach
C. they reach D. do they reach
9. Only when I left my parents for Europe how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized
C. had I realized D. did I realize
10. Only when he reached the hotel it was the same place he？蒺d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize
C. realized he D. did he realize
【答案与解析】
1. A。only to do sth 在此表示意想不到的结果。句意为：飞机坠毁时他幸免于难，后来却死在沙漠里。又如：He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。
2. A。only to do sth 在此表示意想不到的结果。句意为：他飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。又如：After driving all night we got to Amy？蒺s place， only to discover that she was away. 开了一整夜车到达埃米的住处，却发现她不在。
3. A。only to do sth 在此表示意想不到的结果。句意为：他花了很多时间来谈判提高工资，却在加了工资后不久辞职了。又如：Dan made a break for his car only to find the driver？蒺s door locked. 丹朝他的汽车跑去，却发现驾驶座位置的门被锁住了。
4. A。only to do sth 在此表示意想不到的结果。句意为：丹朝他的汽车跑去，却发现驾驶座位置的门被锁住了。又如：He graduated with a good degree， only to join the ranks of the unemployed. 他拿到很好的学位毕了业，却加入了失业大军的行列。
5. C。由于then后接的句子用了倒装语序，所以选C，因为只有当only修饰状语置于句首时，其后句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。句意为：飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。又如：Only then did she realise what she had agreed to. 只是到了那个时候她才意识到她所同意的是什么。
6. C。由于then后接的句子用了倒装语序，所以选C，因为只有当only修饰状语置于句首时，其后句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。句意为：只有主席辞职，我们才能恢复成员的信心。又如：Only if the circumstances are exceptional will we accept late applications. 除非情况例外，我们不接受过期的申请。
7. D。当only修饰状语置于句首时，其后句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。句意为：直到那时他才意识到造成了多大损失。又如：Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. 只有当你吃了正确的食物，你才能保持健康。
8. B。当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装的形式，故可排除A和C；再根据句中状语从句的过去完成时可知，主句不能用现在时态，故可排除D。句意为：他们在这件事情上讨论了几个小时后才做出了一项决定。又如：Only when the vehicle was lifted did the full horror of the accident become clear. 只是在车辆被吊起来时才知道事故有多惨。
9. D。根据英语语法习惯，当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装，可排除A和B。从时间上看，应该是“我”先离开父母，然后“我”才意识到“我”是多么爱自己的父母，故排除C。又如：Only after countless rewrites did John consider the script ready. 只有经过了无数次修改后，约翰才认为剧本写好了。
10. D。当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装的形式，故可排除A和B；至于选项C，它不符合部分倒装的语法结构，故可排除。句意为：只是当他到达了旅馆，他才意识到这是他去年已经来过的老地方。又如：Only after much persuasion from Ellis had she agreed to hold a show at all. 埃利斯劝了她半天后她才同意办一场展览。