抓住规律,有的放矢

英语听说考试在广东已实行三年，虽然这一考试是以考生“输出”的“口语”为评分点，但听说考试，“听”与“说”同样重要，如果考生的“输入”即听力不过关，无疑容易止步于角色扮演的翻译部分。而从整份听说考试难度分布来看，难点恰恰是角色扮演这一部分。“五答”的答案点是唯一的，没有抓到有效信息则无法回答，因此，这一部分往往成为阻碍考生得到高分的难点。

但分析这几年的高考题，我们还是能找到一些规律，帮助考生在听录音时更好地抓住要点，提高得分率。笔者发现，角色扮演部分有以下几个常考点。

考点一：时间、地点、数字

在听说考试中，此三种信息依然考得最多，特别是数字（包含了年龄、金额、时间等）。2011年6套高考题中考查数字、时间、地点的就有8道题，2012年5套高考题中有12道，2013年有4道。

[例1]考时间（2011年B套）

录音：

M： It is very important to set up a regular program like planning a few minutes every morning around the breakfast time.

W： But I have been learning Spanish for four years， and I haven’t become a good speaker of it.

M： We can’t become fluent speakers in the matter of a few minute hearing that. We should follow a regular course of study.

问题：How long has the woman been learning Spanish？

答案：（She has been learning Spanish for）4 years.

[例2]考日期（2012年F套）

录音：

W：What job are you applying for？

M： I’m applying for the job of a salesman at the bookstore.

W：Oh， how did the interview go？

M：I think I did well. The man just said he would make a decision by Friday.

问题：When will the manager make a decision？

答案：（He will make a decision）by Friday.

[例3]考地点（2012年C套）

录音：

W： Doctor Brown， do you have the book Sunset？

M： Yes， why do you ask， Mary？

W： Could I borrow it？ I’ve been wanting to read it for a long time. Last Saturday， I went to the biggest bookstore in town， only to find that it had been sold out.

问题：Where did you go last Saturday？

答案：I went to the biggest bookstore in town.

[例4]考数字（2013年B套）

录音：

W： Hi， Tom. You look worried.

M： I’m having trouble with my work.

W： What’s the trouble？

M： Uh... I’m in charge of a team， working with five other people on a project. But we are not very productive.

问题：How many people do you need to work with？

答案：5 people.

从前三年考点分布来看，有一半的题目是考“时间”和“地点”，特别是“时间”。而且这类考点大多出现在第一部分对话，对话只读一次，速度相对较快，不少考生觉得还没反应过来，对话已经结束了。所以在准备时，考生除了根据中文概要对内容进行预测外，还要尽快进入状态，听录音时把精力集中于听，当听到数字和地点时迅速记录。此部分的内容一般对应“五答”的前两问，记下数字或地点一般都能答对一个问题。

这类信息一般不会对考生形成太大障碍，特别是数字信息。因为多数是直接提问文中出现的数字，暂无考查考生的“加减”等运算能力，考生只要能抓住文中出现的信息，都可以直接答对问题。

但是考生在回答时依然得谨慎，比如数字 “十几和几十”，这两种数字的发音，考生容易忽视，结果就是将两种数字回答颠倒导致失分。

考点二：逻辑关系

对话中的转折、递进、因果等关系是听说考试的热门考点之一。此种信息一般出现在三个翻译之后的回答之中。2011年至2013年总共考了9道题，其中2011年与2013年各有4题，2012年有1题。

[例5]转折关系（2011年E套）

录音：We generally don’t care much about clothes， some are quite proud that they find their clothes in second-hand shops. I guess this is mainly because in England what really matters is not clothes but background.

问题：What is really important in England？

答案：（In England what really matters is）background.

[例6]递进关系（2012年A套）

录音：My teacher also advises me to do so，but I just don’t know how to say it to them. I feel it’s too direct to tell them they shouldn’t behave that way. We Chinese people are always saying that “one should save face for others.” What’s more， sometimes they help me with my study. I’m very grateful to them.

问题：Why is Jean grateful to her roommates？

答案：Because they help her with her study.

[例7]因果关系（2013年A套）

录音：Students need to be creative because that’s the key to success in the future. The purpose of learning is not about knowing knowledge but putting knowledge into practice.

问题：Why do students need to be creative？

答案：Because that’s the key to success.

三个翻译之后给出的回答信息相对较多，考生听完之后不知道要记录下什么信息。通过分析可知，当答语中出现“but， except， besides，what’s more， because”等时，其后面的内容很可能是考点。例如2013年A，D两份考题对于递进、因果关系的考查的比重较大，考生如能抓住这一规律，即能够在长篇的回答中找到关键的信息点，而不至于无的放矢。

考点三：最高级或序数词

此类信息，特别是序数词，可以看成是“数字”信息的近亲，比如“the first one to do sth.” “第一个做某事的人”等，因此也是常考信息之一。2011年考查了2道题目，2012年考查了3道题目。

[例8]序数词（2011年E套）

录音：In fact， we love new cars. In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

问题：What do English people care about their cars？

答案：In England， people care much about the first letter of their car number.

[例9]序数词（2012年A套）

录音：Well， he tells me to make a suggestion of taking turns to clean the dormitory. He says I should be the first one in turn， and then maybe they will accept this idea. But if this does not work out， he says I can have a heart-to-heart， friend-to-friend talk with them.

问题：Who does the teacher advise to clean the dormitory first？

答案：Jane.

考点四：重复出现的细节

细节考点，有时可能只有一两个词，为了让考生能关注到这一考点，录音会在前后两句重复出现这一信息，这种类型2012年考查了4道题目，2013年考查了2道题目。

[例10] （2013年C套）

录音：

M： Tell me， Mary， what sports do you play？

W： I’m absolutely mad about tennis.

M： I love watching tennis matches.

问题：What sport is Mary crazy about？

答案：Tennis.

[例11]（2012年B套）

录音：Teenagers are not mature enough to drive carefully， especially when they are driving together. I mean， they speed， they ride for pleasure， and they drive around town while after midnight. What is more， who really needs a car when a bike can work？ I mean， life was different when I was your age. In fact， I used to go to school by bike.

问题：How did your father go to school when he was young？

答案：By bike.

[例12]（2013年A套）

录音：

W：We know you are giving a new course this year. What is it about？

M：I’m just giving a three-month course on the classroom of the future and the use of new technologies in the classroom.

W： How will a classroom develop in the future？

M：The future classroom will heavily depend upon new technology. But it’s still related to a traditional education. My course introduces what education experts think about the future classroom.

问题1：How long is Dr. Brown’s course？

答案：Three months.（注：考查数字）

问题2：What will the future classroom depend on？

答案：New technology. （注：题干的关键词the future和答案new technology在对话中重复出现）

所以考生在听录音时，如果听到重复的细节，注意记录下来。

以上四种类型的信息点是近年常考点，考生在练习听力时，如若心中有数则能做到有的放矢，避免记录太多冗余信息，忽略了常考信息。此外，考生还要注意养成用简要方式记笔记的习惯，为更好地完成听说考试作好准备。

（作者单位：汕头市下蓬中学）

责任编校 蒋小青