欧洲九大珍宝(上)

时间:2022-08-21 05:58:22

Brussels:

Chocolate

布鲁塞尔:

巧克力 玛丽巧克力店

Nearly half the chocolate consumed in the world is savored in Europe, and Belgium―with per-capita consumption of 14.99 pounds a year―certainly devours its fair share. While Brussels, the country’s capital, is home to hundreds of chocolatiers, what makes a visit imperative1), at least from a chocophile’s perspective, is the rich heritage of artisanal2) chocolate-makers.

And none epitomizes3) the nation’s devotion to craft and quality more than Mary. Mary Delluc established her business in 1919 on the Rue Royale, the route the king took to the Royal Palace each day. In 1942 she achieved her goal of becoming the chocolate purveyor to the royal family, an honor that was bestowed on the brand three more times, most recently in 2013.

“We went back to the roots of Mary,” the managing director, Olivier Borgerhoff, said, noting the return to the original white-and-gold color scheme4) and prominence of the oblong5) logo. As for the chocolate, it might as well be the 20th century. “We don’t change the types of chocolates often,” Mr. Borgerhoff said. “We try to improve the choices we have.” That means sourcing top-quality ingredients and eschewing6) preservatives7) and unnatural additives.

Another chocolatier, Debailleul, is decidedly more whimsical. The small chain, established in 1983 by Marc Debailleul, produces bonbons and ballotins8) that are so refined and beautiful, it’s almost―almost―a shame to indulge. The options are limited: traditional pralines9) and creamy ganaches, many hand-painted with cupids, the letter “D” or other flourishes, and vanilla, coffee and caramel-flavored truffles10).

全世界消费的所有巧克力中,有将近一半被欧洲人吃掉了,而比利时的巧克力人均消费量达到每年14.99磅――这无疑占了相当大的比重。该国首都布鲁塞尔有数百家巧克力制造商,但至少从一个巧克力狂的角度来看,这里之所以成为必游之地是因为拥有手工巧克力制造商的丰富遗产。

其中,“玛丽”比其他品牌更能体现这个国家对工艺与品质的专注。玛丽・德吕克于1919年在王室大道开创了自己的事业,这是国王每天前往王宫的路线。1942年,她实现了成为王室御用巧克力供应商的目标。该品牌后来又曾三次获此殊荣,最近的一次是2013年。

谈到该品牌重新采用最初的白色与金彩设计和著名的椭圆形标志时,总经理奥利维尔・伯格霍夫表示:“我们回归到了玛丽品牌的根基所在。”至于巧克力,最好还是20世纪的样子。“我们并不经常改变巧克力的种类,”伯格霍夫先生说,“我们试图改善我们现有的可供选择的品种。”这意味着采购最优质的原料,避免使用防腐剂和非天然的添加剂。

另一家巧克力制造商“德百丽”显然更精灵古怪。这家小型连锁企业于1983年由马克・德百丽创办,生产糖果和礼盒装巧克力。这些糖果和巧克力太精致、美丽了,纵情享用它们简直――简直――让人有罪恶感。这家店可选的产品有限:传统的果仁糖和奶油甘那许巧克力(其中很多带有手绘的丘比特画像、字母“D”或其他装饰图案),还有香草味、咖啡味和焦糖味的松露巧克力。

Budapest:

Paprika

布达佩斯:

红椒粉 中央集市的调料摊位

The job of preparing Hungarian paprika was once considered too dangerous for mothers to do. The peppers grown in Szeged11)―one of the country’s two primary paprika-producing regions―were so spicy that a woman who touched her children upon returning from work risked burning them, so only the elderly and unmarried were allowed the delicate task of separating the membrane12) from the flesh. But by the early 20th century, sweeter varieties and a machine that extracted the veins turned paprika into an equal opportunity employer and a common feature of all Hungarian cuisine. “All of our basic dishes have it,” said the Budapest-based food journalist Dorottya Czuk.

So omnipresent13) is paprika that you can get it at any Budapest supermarket, but the chains offer no guarantee of quality or origin. The Central, or Great, Market Hall is a good place to start. Built at the end of the 19th century, its soaring brick, iron and tile exterior alone is worth visiting. But three stories of stalls inside hold their own delights, paprika chief among them. On Fridays and Saturdays, farmers sell their homemade spice in transparent plastic bags. “That’s good,” Ms. Czuk said, “because you can see how red it is. You want a really vibrant color.”

Aroma is also important: Fresh paprika should smell sweet and a little funky, like hay in a stable. And there are different categorizations: Kulonleges, or “special quality,” is the mildest and sweetest; eros is the spiciest.

制作匈牙利红椒粉的工作一度被认为太危险,不适合母亲们做。赛格德是该国两个主要的红椒粉产地之一,那里出产的辣椒非常辣,如果一位妇女下班回家后触摸到自己的孩子,就有灼伤他们的风险。因此只有年长者和未婚者才允许从事分离辣椒表皮与果肉的细活。但20世纪初出现了更甜的品种和一种能够去除辣椒筋的机器,这使得红椒粉行业可以提供平等的就业机会,也使红椒粉成为所有匈牙利美食共有的特色。“我们的基本菜肴中都有这种原料。”布达佩斯的美食记者多罗蒂亚・楚克说道。

红椒粉无所不在,你可以在布达佩斯的任何超市买到,但这些连锁企业无法保证质量和原产地。中央集市,又叫大集市,是购买红椒粉的不错起点。该集市建于19世纪末,单单是用砖、铁栏和瓷砖修建的高耸外墙就值得一游。而集市内部三层楼的摊位也摆放着值得品赏之物,红椒粉是其中最讨喜的。每逢周五和周六,农民就会把他们自制的调味料放在透明的塑料袋内出售。“这样很好,”楚克女士说,“因为你能看到调味料有多么红。你想要非常鲜亮的颜色。”

香气也很重要:新鲜的红椒粉闻起来应该很甜,而且有点儿霉味,就像马厩内的干草。红椒粉有不同的分类:“特殊品质”类是最清淡、最甜的一种;标有“eros”(编注:eros在匈牙利语中意为“浓烈的”)字样的则是最辣的。 中央集市的调料摊位

Florence:Silk

佛罗伦萨:丝绸 菲奥伦蒂诺古丝绸铺

Down a quiet lane in the San Frediano district of Florence, beyond an iron gate and leafy courtyard, is Antico Setificio Fiorentino, the sole remaining artisan silk workshop in the city. Since moving to this location (Via Lorenzo Bartolini 4) in 1786, the small factory has maintained uninterrupted production, despite wars and floods. The art of silk-making in Florence flourished in the Renaissance, when noble families amassed fortunes and fame by producing exquisite silks. That tradition endures at Antico Setificio Fiorentino, where silks are woven by hand on antique looms using Renaissance patterns.

During a recent tour, the designer Maurizio Bonas rattled off the illustrious names of historic Florentine clans―Corsini, Pucci, Strozzi―whose signature patterns are still being produced. “When you go inside many historical houses in Italy, it’s Antico Setificio that did them,” said Mr. Bonas, who noted that the factory’s silks also adorn rooms in the Vatican, the Palazzo Vecchio14) and the Tribuna degli Uffizi15) in Florence, and even in the Kremlin in Moscow.

“To make these kinds of fabric, we cannot use the modern machines,” Mr. Bonas said, pulling out a roll of sumptuous16) blue embroidered silk velvet17) made with 350,000 stitches per meter. One worker who was weaving a cream-colored damask18) from a design named for the Renaissance painter Pinturicchio could be expected to complete only 80 to 100 centimeters of the fabric per day. And because the small factory employs only 20 artisans, production is predictably limited―and costly. In the adjoining showroom, walls are lined with bolts of silk, from plush velvets and intricate damasks to diaphanous19) taffetas20). Decorative pillows are adorned with hand-woven trims. And, on a table, a basket is filled with sachets21) made of Ermisino22), a shimmering silk taffeta that dates back 500 years.

在佛罗伦萨市的圣弗雷迪亚诺区,沿着一条安静的小巷走下去,穿过一道铁门和落满叶子的庭院,就来到了菲奥伦蒂诺古丝绸铺――该市仅存的唯一一家手工丝绸作坊。自从1786年搬到现在这个地址(洛伦佐巴尔托里尼大街4号),这家小工厂就不曾中断过生产,即便是发生了战争和洪水也是如此。佛罗伦萨的丝绸制作工艺兴盛于文艺复兴时期,当时的一些贵族家庭凭借自己生产的精美丝绸积累了财富和名声。这一传统在菲奥伦蒂诺古丝绸铺得以延续,该店铺的丝绸是在古老的织布机上手工纺织,采用了文艺复兴时期的图案。

最近一次到访时,古丝绸铺的设计师毛里齐奥・博纳斯对佛罗伦萨古老家族的大名如数家珍――科西尼、普奇、斯特罗齐――这些家族的标志性图案仍在生产。“当你走进意大利的许多历史性建筑时,就会看到古丝绸铺的产品。”博纳斯先生说。他还讲到,该工厂的丝绸还装点了梵蒂冈宫、韦奇奥宫、佛罗伦萨的乌菲兹美术馆甚至莫斯科的克里姆林宫的房间。

“要想制作这些种类的织物,我们不能使用现代的机器。”博纳斯先生一边说,一边拿出一卷奢华的蓝色刺绣丝绒,这种织物每米由35万针织成。一名工人正在织一种奶油色的锦缎,其设计以文艺复兴画家平托瑞丘命名,估计这名工人每天仅能织80至100厘米。而且这家小工厂仅雇用了20名工匠,因此我们可以料想到它的产量很有限,而且成本昂贵。在旁边的展厅,墙上挂满了一匹匹丝绸,有长毛丝绒、精致的锦缎,还有半透明的塔夫绸。装饰枕上饰有手织的图案。桌子上的一个篮子装满了用艾莫斯诺制作的香囊。艾莫斯诺是一种会闪光的丝质塔夫绸,具有500年的悠久历史。

Istanbul:

Scent

伊斯坦布尔:

香水 洛肯的产品

Don’t visit Lokum Istanbul if you have a cold. Functioning olfactory23) passages and taste buds are essential for appreciating the exotic scents and sweets stacked in glass cases and on black lacquer shelves around this boutique24) on the European side of the city, which sits astride two continents.

A feast for the nose awaits in Lokum’s signature colognes25), which were developed by the owner, Zeynep Keyman, from classic Turkish essences like rose, fig, tea and mimosa.

Lokum transforms some of those same ingredients (rose, fig) and others (lemon, pistachio, walnut) into its own lokum―better known in the West as Turkish delight―the soft gelatin26) cubes that have been synonymous with Istanbul for centuries. Or try the store’s akide sekeri, a hard candy in flavors like rose, fig, bergamot and cinnamon.

The eyes also get a dose of exotic stimuli. Inspired by “the mystic side of the East and the luxury of the West,” as Ms. Keyman puts it, a glass dome diffuses sunlight into the shop, much as in traditional Turkish baths. And most of the products come in boxes embossed with illustrated Ottoman-era27) scenes―mosques, pashas28), pavilions―that Ms. Keyman and a Paris-based design firm derived from centuries-old toile de Jouy29) prints.

Even the brain finds stimulation at Lokum. The pages of Lokum, an illustrated book commissioned by Ms. Keyman, recount the history and mythology of the celebrated sweet, which was invented in Istanbul in the late 18th century by a confectioner named Bekir Affendi, whose shop churns out lokum and other candies to this day. The tome is probably best read by the glow of a rose-scented Lokum candle in a silver fez30)-shaped holder.

如果你感冒了,就不要探访位于伊斯坦布尔的洛肯商店了。在横跨两个大洲的伊斯坦布尔,这家精品店位于这座城市在欧洲的一侧,店内的玻璃陈列柜里与黑漆架子上堆放着充满异域风情的香水和糖果,要想好好品赏这些产品,良好的嗅觉通道和味蕾是关键。

为鼻子奉上嗅觉盛宴的是洛肯的招牌古龙香水,由该店店主泽伊内普・凯曼利用玫瑰、无花果、茶和含羞草等经典土耳其精油制成。

洛肯利用相同的某些原料(玫瑰、无花果)以及其他原料(柠檬、开心果、核桃),制成了自家特色的土耳其软糖――在西方它更为常见的名字是“土耳其之悦”。千百年来,这些柔软的明胶方块已经成为伊斯坦布尔的同义词。或者尝尝这家店的阿克袋糖,这是一种硬糖,有玫瑰、无花果、香柠檬和肉桂等口味。

眼睛也能感受到强烈的异域风情。据凯曼女士称,受到“东方神秘与西方奢华”的启发,商店设计了玻璃穹顶,能将阳光散射至店内,就像传统的土耳其浴室那样。这里的大多数产品都是盒装的,盒子上的凸饰描绘了奥斯曼帝国时代的场景――清真寺、帕夏、亭台。这是凯曼女士和一家巴黎设计公司从古老的约依印花布上的图案中获得的。

就连大脑也能在洛肯找到兴奋点。凯曼女士委托创作的插图书《洛肯》讲述了这种著名糖果的历史与神话。18世纪末,甜品师贝克尔・阿芬迪在伊斯坦布尔发明了这种糖果,他的商店至今仍在大量生产土耳其软糖和其他糖果。将玫瑰味的洛肯蜡烛置于土耳其毡帽形状的银色烛台上,伴着它的烛光阅读这个大部头,这可能是再好不过的了。 图书《洛肯》里的插图

Lisbon:

Tiles

里斯本:

瓷砖 太阳瓷砖专营店

Is there a bluer country than Portugal? The blue sky and Atlantic Ocean embrace the land. And all across Portugal, the typically blue designs of ceramic tiles are spread across churches, monasteries, castles, palaces, university halls, parks, train stations, hotel lobbies and apartment facades. The result is an embellished land of Christian saints, biblical episodes, Portuguese kings, historical glories, pastoral31) idylls32), aristocrats at leisure, landscapes, seascapes, floral designs and, above all, geometric motifs.

Thousands of specimens, from the 15th century to the 1930s, fill Solar, a nearly 60-year-old Lisbon tile specialist and antique dealer. Stacks of tiles and hanging panels embody historical styles such as Hispano-Moorish33), Renaissance, Baroque, neo-Classical, Art Nouveau34) and Art Deco35). Blue and white are the star colors, though yellow, green, brown and other hues sometimes play supporting roles.

还有比葡萄牙更蓝的国度吗?蓝色的天空和大西洋拥抱着这片土地。在葡萄牙各地,瓷砖通常采用蓝色的设计,被广泛用于教堂、修道院、城堡、宫殿、大学礼堂、公园、火车站、宾馆大堂和公寓立面。一个装饰精美的国度就此形成,装饰图案包括基督教圣人、圣经故事、葡萄牙国王、历史荣耀、质朴的田园风光、闲适贵族、陆地风光、海上风景、花卉图案以及最为常见的几何图形。

“太阳”是一家拥有将近60年历史的里斯本瓷砖专营店与古董店,店里摆满了从15世纪到20世纪30年代的数千种瓷砖样品。成堆的瓷砖和挂屏体现了各种历史风格,诸如西班牙摩尔、文艺复兴、巴洛克、新古典主义、新艺术和装饰派风格。蓝色和白色是主色调,不过黄色、绿色、棕色和其他色调有时会充当配角。logobiao.psd

1. imperative [?m?per?t?v] adj. 必要的,极重要的

2. artisanal [?(r)?t?z(?)n?l] adj. 手工的,手工艺的

3. epitomize [??p?t?ma?z] vt. 代表,象征;体现

4. color scheme:色彩设计

5. oblong [??bl??] adj. 椭圆形的

6. eschew [?s?t?u?] vt. 避开,避开

7. preservative [pr??z??(r)v?t?v] n. 防腐剂

8. ballotin [?b?l?t?n] n. 礼盒装巧克力

9. praline [?pr?li?n] n. 果仁糖

10. truffle [?tr?f(?)l] n. 松露巧克力

11. Szeged:赛格德,匈牙利南部的一个城市

12. membrane [?mem?bre?n] n. 膜

13. omnipresent [??mn??prez(?)nt] adj. 无所不在的,普遍存在的

14. Palazzo Vecchio:韦奇奥宫,又译旧宫,是过去意大利佛罗伦萨共和国的市政厅。

15. Tribuna degli Uffizi:乌菲兹美术馆,意大利最大的美术馆,世界上最古老、藏品最丰富的博物馆之一

16. sumptuous [?s?mpt?u?s] adj. 奢侈的,华丽的

17. velvet [?velv?t] n. 天鹅绒

18. damask [?d?m?sk] n. 花缎,锦缎

19. diaphanous [da???f?n?s] adj. (布料)轻薄透明的

20. taffeta [?t?f?t?] n. 塔夫绸

21. sachet [?s??e?] n. 香囊

22. Ermisino:艾莫斯诺,一种特殊的、文艺复兴时期风格的塔夫绸,由真丝制成,具有闪光的效果。

23. olfactory [?l?f?kt(?)ri] adj. 嗅觉的

24. boutique [bu??ti?k] n. 精品店

25. cologne [k??l??n] n. 古龙香水

26. gelatin [?d?el?t?n] n. 明胶

27. Ottoman-era:奥斯曼帝国时代(1290~1922)

28. pasha [?p???] n. 帕夏(旧时奥斯曼帝国和北非高级文武官员的称号,置于姓名之后)

29. toile de Jouy:约依印花布,是一种白底单色印花布,颜色以黑、白、蓝、棕、绿色为主,图案主要描绘田园牧歌般的景色。

30. fez [fez] n. 土耳其帽,为地中海东岸各国男人所戴,通常为红色并饰有长黑缨的圆筒形无边毡帽。

31. pastoral [p?st(?)r?l] adj. 田园风光的

32. idyll [??d(?)l] n. 田园风光;质朴宜人的场景

33. Hispano-Moorish:西班牙摩尔风格的,8世纪至16世纪西班牙的一种建筑风格,具有蹄形拱和华丽装饰的特征。

34. Art Nouveau:新艺术派,19世纪90年代流行的一种装饰与建筑风格

35. Art Deco:装饰派,诞生于20世纪20年代的一种建筑风格,重视几何块体、重复线条以及曲折线的表现形式。

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