被动语态例析

被动语态是初中英语语法的重点之一｡它由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中的助动词 be 有人称和数的变化,其变化规则与系动词 be 的变化完全一样｡本文拟对被动语态的一些基本结构以及在使用被动语态时应注意的一些事项作一归纳和分析,供同学们学习时参考｡(下面划有横线的备选项为正确答案)

1. ―How clean and tidy your classroom is!

―Thank you. It_________every day.

A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

2. Today computers_________on both cities and towns.

A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using

3. ―Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon?

―You can if your homework .

A. is done B. will do

C. has done D. will be done

解析:一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词”构成｡注意:在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,要用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态｡

4. None of them knew about the plan because it_________a secret.

A. kept B. keeps C. is kept D. was kept

5. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he_________to the hospital.

A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken

6. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it_________?

A. built B. was built

C. has built D. has been built

7. ―Did Jack come to our party yesterday?

―No, he_________.

A. wasn’t invited B. didn’t invite

C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited

解析:一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成｡注意:从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致;另外,应从语境入手,确定时态的选用｡

8. ―How often_________your school sports meeting_________?

―Once a year.

A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; held

9. ―When_________the People’s Republic of China_________?

―On October 1, 1949.

A. did; found B. was; founded

C. did; founded D. was; found

解析:特殊疑问句的被动语态由“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句的被动语态”构成｡

注意:1) 如主动语态句子中的主语是疑问词 who,变为被动语态时,可用 By whom 引起特殊疑问句｡如将 by 置于句末,则句首既可用 whom,也可用 who｡ 例如:

Who bought this house?Whom/Who was this house bought by?/By whom was this house bought?

2) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句要用陈述句被动语态语序｡例如:

Do you know what_________?

A. it calls B. does it call C. is it called D. it is called

10. The television_________. It doesn’t work now.

A. must repair B. has repaired

C. must be repaired D. can be repairing

11. I think high school students should_________pocket money.

A. be giving B. have given

C. give D. be given

解析:含情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成｡常见的情态动词有 can, may, must, should 等｡

12. Mr John’s story_________by everyone who heard it.

A. laughed at B. was laughed

C. laughed D. was laughed at

13. The children without parents_________by their teachers in this special school.

A. take good care of B. are taken good care of

C. are taken good care D. take good care

解析:有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态｡但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,其中的介词或副词不可丢掉｡例如:

A short play will be put on for the English evening. 英语晚会上将上演小品｡

Old people should be looked after very well. 老年人应该得到很好的照顾｡

14. A beautiful picture_________the children by her just now.

A. was drawn for B. was drawn to

C. is drawn D. was drawn

解析:有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人的宾语)和直接宾语(指物的宾语)｡在被动语态中,如果指物的直接宾语作主语,在指人的间接宾语前须加上介词 to(谓语动词多为 pass, show, give, teach, send, write, bring 等)或加上介词 for(谓语动词多为 buy, draw, make, keep 等)｡例如:

A beautiful present was given to me by my uncle yesterday. 昨天我叔叔送给我一件漂亮的礼物｡

A new school-bag was bought for me by my mother last week. 上星期我母亲给我买了一个新书包｡

15. She_________work for sixteen hours a day in the past.

A. was made B. was made to

B. made to D. is made

解析: make, see, hear 等使役动词和感官动词后面常跟复合宾语,在主动语态中作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to, 但变为被动语态时,动词不定式成了主语补足语,这时动词不定式需要带 to｡例如:

They were seen to go into the room. 有人看见他们进了房间｡

He was heard to sing in the next room. 人们听见他在隔壁的房间里唱歌｡

16. ―What’s wrong with the orange?

―It_________terrible.

A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. tasted

17. What_________to her yesterday evening?

A. was happened B. happened C. happening D. happen

18. I like this silk dress, and it_________soft and comfortable.

A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt

解析:1) look, smell, taste, feel, sound 等表示感觉的连系动词的主动形式表达被动意义｡例如:

It smells terrible. 它发出难闻的气味｡

The gun sounded much closer. 枪声听起来更近了｡

She looks very beautiful today. 今天她看上去很漂亮｡

2) happen, last, fall, appear 等不及物动词没有被动语态｡例如:

The film lasted for three hours. 那部电影持续演了三个小时｡

My sister appeared on TV yesterday evening. 昨晚我妹妹上了电视｡

3) wash, sell, wear, open, write 等动词,可以用主动形式表达被动意义,对于这样的一些习惯用法应特别引起我们的注意｡例如:

This kind of cloth washes very easily. 这种布很容易洗｡

The product sells well.这种产品很畅销｡

This cloth wears badly. 这布不耐穿｡

This ball-pen writes wonderfully. 这支圆珠笔好写｡

The door opens easily. 这门容易开｡