两种时态的四大区别

我们已经学习了一般现在时和现在进行时。如何区别这两种时态呢?本文拟从以下四个方面来加以区别。

一、定义

1. 一般现在时:表示经常发生的、具有规律性或习惯性的动作或状态。例如:

I get up at six every morning.

我每天早上6点起床。

He often plays basketball with his friends on Fridays.

星期五他经常和朋友们打篮球。

2. 现在进行时:表示现在或现阶段正在发生或持续进行的动作。例如:

We are having an English lesson now.

我们现在正在上英语课。

He is reading a new book these days.

这些天他在看一本新书。

二、结构

1. 一般现在时:(1)当主语是第一人称复数、第二人称(单、复数)和第三人称复数时,谓语动词若是be动词,则用are,谓语动词若是行为动词,则用动词原形;当主语是第一人称单数即I时,谓语动词若是be动词,则用am,若是行为动词则用原形。例如:

I’m a middle school student.

我是一名中学生。

I / We / You / They go to school from Monday to Friday.

我/我们/你/你们/他们从星期一到星期五都上学。

(2)当主语是第三人称单数时,其谓语动词用is或行为动词的单数形式(即在动词原形后加-s或-es)。例如:

That boy is from the USA.

那个男孩来自美国。

His father teaches English in a middle school.

他的父亲在一所中学教英语。

2. 现在进行时:谓语动词由“be动词+ 动词的现在分词(v-ing)”构成,be动词随主语的变化而变化。例如:

I’m mending my bike.

我在修自行车。

The family are all watching TV now.

全家人现在都在看电视。

三、时间状语

1. 一般现在时常与often, usually, sometimes, always 等频度副词以及介词短语in the morning, on Sundays等时间状语连用。例如:

He often helps his mother do the housework on Sundays.

星期天他经常帮妈妈做家务。

Sometimes they play cards together.

有时候他们在一起打牌。

2. 现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment (此时,此刻)等时间状语连用;有时也和look, listen等插入语连用,此时,句中的谓语动词应是行为动词。例如:

The children are having lessons at the moment.

孩子们此时正在上课。

Look! They are playing games over there.

瞧!他们在那里做游戏。

Listen! Who is singing in the next room?

听!谁在隔壁房间里唱歌?

四、句式转换

1.一般现在时的肯定句转换成否定句和疑问句的情况有两种:(1)谓语动词是be动词时,在be动词后直接加not变成否定句;将be动词提到句首(转换成特殊疑问句时,在be动词之前加疑问词)变成一般疑问句;(2)谓语动词为行为动词时,在行为动词前加don’t或doesn’t变成否定句,在句首加Do或Does来提问(转换为特殊疑问句时,在do或does之前加疑问词)变成一般疑问句。需要强调的是,否定句和疑问句中的行为动词应为原形。例如:

My mother is a doctor.

我妈妈是位医生。

My mother isn’t a doctor. (否定句)

Is your mother a doctor?(一般疑问句)

What is your mother? (特殊疑问句)

He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning.

他早上7点钟上学。

He doesn’t go to school at seven o’clock in the morning. (否定句)

Does he go to school at seven o’clock in the morning? (一般疑问句)

What time does he go to school in the morning? (特殊疑问句)

2.现在进行时的肯定句转换成否定句时只需在be动词之后加not即可;转换成一般疑问句时,只需将be动词提前(转换成特殊疑问句时,在be动词之前加疑问词)即可。例如:

They are cleaning the classroom.

他们在打扫教室。

They aren’t cleaning the classroom. (否定句)

Are they cleaning the classroom? (一般疑问句)

What are they doing? (特殊疑问句)

【练一练】

I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. There ____(be) a desk and two chairs in my room.

2. It’s time to get up. Bill ____(put) on his clothes.

3. He ____(have) only one pen.

4. Look! Who ____(fly) a kite over there?

5. He can ____(speak) a little English.

6. Kate ____(not go) to school on Sundays.

7. The girl often ____(wear) a red dress, but today she ____(not wear) it.

8. ____ your aunt ____(come) to see you every week?

9. ―____ the boy ____(watch) TV now?

―No, he isn’t.

10. ―Where ____Lily ____(live)?

―She ____(live) in China.

11. I ____(do) my homework now. I often ____(do) my homework in the evening.

12. Jack ____(like) watching TV. He ____(watch) TV every evening. But now he ____(not watch) TV. He ____(read) a storybook.

13. Lucy ____(have) lunch at school now. She usually ____(have) lunch at school.

14. ―Listen! Who ____(sing) in the next room?

―Er, it’s Kate. She ____(sing) in her room every day. She ____ (sing) quite well.

15. She can ____(swim) now.

II. 按括号内的要求改写下列各句。

1. Tom has some picture books. (改为否定句)

Tom ____ ____ ____picture books.

2. Mr Green is watching TV at home now. (改为一般现在时)

Mr Green often ____ ____at home.

3. Li Lei goes to bed at half past nine. (对画线部分提问)

What time ____ Li Lei ____ to bed?

4. He is at work now. (用现在进行时改为同义句)

He ____ ____now.

5. What’s his job? (改为同义句)

What ____ he ____?

Key: I. 1. is 2. is putting 3. has 4. is flying 5. speak 6. doesn’t go 7. wears, isn’t wearing 8. Does,come 9. Is,watching10 . does,live; lives11. am doing; do12. likes;watches;isn’t watching;is reading13. is having;has

14. is singing;sings; sings 15. swim

II. 1. doesn’t have any 2. watches TV

3. does, go 4. is working5. does, do