时代新词 4期

Lawnmower parents 割草机父母

The lawnmower parent comes as well-intentioned parents increasingly tring to clean the problems from their children’s lives.

Instead of hovering over their children closely monitoring them as helicopter parents are said to， lawnmower parents get out in front of their children to try and clear the way for them. They try to remove obstacles that children might need to face.

Constant monitoring， overscheduling and protecting children from their own problems can come at a cost. Overprotection may be contributing to the rising number of children who have anxiety disorders.

越来越多心怀好意的父母试图扫清孩子生活中的一切障碍，于是“割草机父母”就出现了。

“割草机父母”不像“直升机父母”那样整天盘旋在孩子头顶密切关注他们的一举一动，而是随时赶在孩子前面，帮助他们扫清道路上的障碍。他们想要扫清孩子可能会面临的所有障碍。

持续监控、为孩子制订过多计划、不让孩子自己面对问题，这些做法最后都可能导致不良后果。过度保护可能是导致越来越多孩子有焦虑症的原因之一。

Peer pressure 同伴压力

Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do something we usually would not do， or we are stopped from doing something we would like to do. This may be because we want to be accepted by our peers.

A peer can be anyone you look up to or someone who you would think is an equal in age or ability. A peer could be a friend， someone in the community or even someone on TV. You may experience peer pressure as you live up to either the individual’s or group’s expectations， or follow a particular fashion or trend.

我们受同辈影响做一些我们平时不会做的事情，或者因为同伴而不再做我们原本喜欢做的事情，这就是“同伴压力”。我们之所以会受影响是因为我们想要得到同伴的认可和接受。

影响我们的同伴可能是你仰慕的一个人，也可能是跟你同龄或实力相当的某个人。可以是你的朋友，也可以是同一社区的一个人，或者是电视上的什么人。当你为了达到某人或者某个群体的期许，而追逐某种时尚风潮时，你可能就在经受“同伴压力”。

Idle car owners 捧车族

Idle car owners are the car owners who rarely get behind the wheel of their cars because of rising petrol， insurance and registration costs. Their cars park in parking lots or on streets most of the time， only being used at weekends or during holidays and vacations.

Having a car is convenient for commuting or taking trips. But nowadays， some private car owners are leaving their cars in the garage， driving as little as possible. Surveys show that ten percent of private car owners in Beijing have become “idle car owners”.

Many factors， like traffic， economic status， and parking fees， have restricted people’s driving. The deterioration of these conditions has resulted in rising driving costs. Improved public transportation is another factor leading people to drive less.

所谓“捧车族”就是那些因为油费、保险、登记费用上涨而极少开车的有车族。他们大多数时间把车停在停车场和街道上，只有在周末或者节假日才开车出行。

拥有车确实便于上下班及休闲出行。但是如今，一些私家车车主把他们的车留在车库里，尽量少开车。调查显示，北京10%的私家车车主成为“捧车族”。

交通、经济状况、停车费用等很多因素限制了人们开车。这些条件的恶化导致开车成本上涨。公共交通改善也是人们少开车的另一个原因。

Data shadow 数据影子

A data shadow refers to the sum of all the small traces of information that an individual leaves behind through everyday activities. A data shadow is a minute pieces of data created when someone emails， updates social media profiles， swipes a credit card， uses an ATM， and so on. The concept of a data shadow has become a serious concern because it is difficult to control who is looking at a person’s data shadow， what conclusions they are drawing and what actions they are taking based on those conclusions.

This can happen when an employer， for example， fires an employee based on his or her Facebook friends or photos. Data privacy laws exist and more are being created to prevent abuse of a person’s data shadow. Unfortunately， privacy legislation generally lags behind companies’ ability to collect， compile and analyze data.

一个人日常活动留下的各种信息痕迹的总和就是“数据影子”。发送电邮、更新社交网站档案、刷信用卡、使用自动取款机等行为产生的点滴数据构成一个人的“数据影子”。这个概念开始引起关注是因为很难控制哪些人在查看个人的“数据影子”，他们会从中得出什么结论，以及他们会在此结论基础上采取何种行动。

比如，某个老板可能以某个员工在社交网站上的朋友或照片为由将其开除。我们已有一些关于数据隐私的法律，并且为了防止个人“数据影子”被滥用，还有更多法律正在制定当中。不幸的是，有关隐私保护的立法速度总是赶不上某些公司收集、整编和分析数据的步伐。