读写任务中如何拓展主题句

读写任务的第二部分要求考生根据要求写120个词的作文，很多学生面对这一部分的写作时思路混乱，东拉西扯，甚至毫无头绪，特别是一些写作要求模糊、抽象的要点，比如读后感、谈论相关内容的意义和重要性等，很多学生写完主题句后就已经山穷水尽，无话可说了。那么，读写任务中应如何拓展主题句呢？

一、列举法

列举事例、现象等来说明主题句所表达的观点。

真题：人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照（2009广东高考）

（主题句）There are many reasons why tourists like taking photos of the animals in the zoo. Some people think it a happy memory of their visit to the zoo or the animals，while others may consider it just sort of fun to take photos with the animals in the zoo. But anyway they may not share the deep feelings of the animals.

即时训练1：谈论个人对网上购物的看法。利用列举法详写其优点：

（主题句） Online shopping has its advantages. ...

二、说明因果

就是在写了主题句后，紧接着说明之所以提出这样的观点或看法，其原因或理由是什么，或者说明如果这样的话，会有什么后果。

真题：假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应（2009广东高考）

（主题句） If I were in the same position as the animal in the zoo， I would be also strongly against being photographed. My life was greatly influenced and I didn’t feel happy at all！ I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.

即时训练2：你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋”的看法。

（主题句）It is necessary for government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags. ...

三、正反法

就是分别从正反两个方面来论证或说明自己的观点。

真题：你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。（2009广东高考）

（主题句）I think it necessary to ban tourists’ taking pictures with animals. If we ban tourists’taking pictures with animals，animals will have enough time to have a rest and they can leave a comfortable life. On the contrary，if we don’t ban it， the animals in the zoo won’t have time to sleep，which will make them sick. So all in all，we should ban tourists’taking pictures with animals.

四、相关法

相关法就是把主题细化，围绕决定事物的相关因素谈论问题的方法。

真题：你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。（2012广东高考）

（主题句）In my eyes， a teacher should be the wind beneath the wings of students，helping them fly higher and faster rather than fill a pail. A teacher should light a fire，inspiring students to develop their mind， character and skills and empowering them to take control of their lives. A teacher should be a role model，exerting a far-reaching influence on the development of students.

即时训练3：你对考试作弊的看法。

（主题句）In my opinion， this phenomenon will have a very bad effect on middle school students’study habit.

五、叙述个人经历

切忌长篇大论，简述事例的过程和结果便可。

真题：举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响（2012广东高考）

（主题句）I feel fortunate to be blessed with an excellent instructor，Jeffrey，who didn’t give me up when I failed so many times in English test. Instead， he patiently cultivated my interest in English，gave me timely help with my study，and praised me for my small progress. Little by little，I felt increasingly confident in myself and showed more and more enthusiasm in English learning. At last，I made up my mind to be an English teacher like him.

即时训练4：你碰过的一件中外文化差异的事情（2013江门一模）

I’d like to share one of my similar experiences. ...

总之，构思清晰才能有的放矢，条理、结构清晰。在写作时除了锤炼自己的语言之外，组织好自己的写作思路，令到自己有话可言，而且是言之有理，言之有序，一定能取得令自己意想不到的高分！

参考范文

即时训练1：Firstly，it is much cheaper. As far as I’m concerned，online stores offer lower prices to the customers and some don’t charge delivery fee if we buy more than one. Secondly，it is more convenient as customers needn’t walk store after store for what they like. And it’s easier for them to compare products online.

即时训练2：With this ban，shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.

即时训练3：（细化）Those who usually cheat in exams will never treat study seriously again because they believe they will always get good marks without working hard. Those who never cheat in exams will consider it’s unfair for them， thinking studying hard is not necessary.

即时训练4：We threw a party for my cousin and her American husband Mike. We happily prepared lots of our favorite food，including some chicken feet. But with an uneasy expression on his face，Mike refused the chicken feet， saying that people around him seldom ate that and he didn’t dare to have a try. It is difficult for him to understand why we enjoyed the chicken feet so much.

（作者单位：江门市新会实验中学）

责任编校 蒋小青