创新教学方法 提升学科素养

《英语课程标准（实验稿）》提高了对词汇学习的要求。显性方面表现为词汇数量的增加，对要求会用的词汇数量从1200增加到了4500；隐性方面表现对词汇学习能力的较高要求，即要求学生具备较强的可持续发展的词汇学习能力，为进一步学习和发展创造必要的条件。

新课程目标把培养学习者运用英语进行交际的能力作为英语教学的根本目的，并把这种观念体现在教学大纲、教材、课堂教学和考试之中。为此，活用词法是英语之基，完形之根，阅读之本，写作之魂。

词汇学习“学一会四”，重视基础知识，提升运用语言能力之基础

1.实词活用“学一会四”，探究词缀变化的规律性，重视学习归纳

词缀活用就是在英语考纲中所要求的单词上加上前缀或后缀，进行词类转换。学习者应具备基本的构词知识，熟练掌握常见的前缀、后缀的含义，并有意识地积累、记忆。如：1）vi./vt.relax 2）adj.relaxant/relaxative/relaxed/unre

laxed/relaxing/unrelaxing 3）n.relaxation/relaxinrelaxor 4）adv.relaxantly/relaxatively/relaxed/unrelaxedly/relax-

ingly/unrelaxingly

2.词法活用“学一会四”， 探究词性变化的准确性，重视学习探究

《大纲》对词汇学习要求能在上下文中理解词汇表中的词性、词义的关系，即英语词汇教学不仅限于课本上的词汇表及其呈现的词性和中文。要使学生真正准确、得体地使用某个单词，就必须尽可能呈现词法的多种形式，尝试在不同环境中准确获取信息，灵活运用词法。如“up”用法如下：

1）adv. 起来；上涨；向上

2）prep. 在…之上；向…的较高处

3）adj. 涨的；起床的；向上的

4）vt.增加；加速

学习词性和词语搭配时，学习者需要经历一个“求同辨异”的漫长过程，进行语义辨析，探求其异同之处。求同辨异能力的提升，可以不断提高其阅读水平。

3.句法活用“学一会四”，提高语言水平，重视多元句式

词法学习把握的最高境界就是活用不同句式进行多元表达，体现语言水平之美、句群逻辑之美。如复合句和倒装句多元句式表达：

1）It is so apparent that cocks can’t teach ducks how to swim at all. （从句）

2）So apparent is it that cocks are unable to teach ducks...（So半倒装句式）

3）By no means is it obvious that cocks are able to teach ducks... （By no means半倒装句式）

4）Never are cocks able to teach ducks how to swim， which is obvious to all. （never半倒装句式）

重视句式学法积累是词汇活用的重要基础。有效组织语言取决于对知识的累积与储备。学习者善用词法，巧用句式，可以更清晰地表达自己和精彩的概念。

辨词识句“会一通四”，重视运用过程，强化完形填空之根本

词法活用“会一通四”，提高准确理解完型填空的逻辑推理能力。

准确选词在完型填空中起到关键作用，能够准确把握文章主旨大意，正确选择词义，写作时使文章更加生动。如：

On the road of life， the help of strangers can ____ our loads， and lift our spirits. How much sweeter the ____ will be when we make it a little smoother for others. 答案是Lighten和Journey，主要是依据On the road of life和选项On the road of life...与our loads， and lift our spirits 和sweeter的逻辑关系得出答案。

准确用词可表达不同的功能、意图和态度等，体现教高的语言水平，还可正确理解描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征、说明概念等，可以看出作者的情感变化、句与句的逻辑关系。

文本理解“通一精四”，重视词义多解规律探究，提高阅读理解之本质

词法活用“通一精四”，提高阅读文章信息表达和主旨的能力。

阅读文段，可以为学生提供识别优秀措辞的大量机会，尤其是文章中使用精当而富有色彩的语言及描绘出生动的画面，有利于理解文章信息。如：

The most common worry is burglary （ 入室盗窃） ， with four out of 10 worrying about their homes being broken into while they’re abroad. More than a quarter fear they will feel crazy with some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and 22 percent worry they may be attacked or their possessions will be missing. One in five think the car may break down；and the same number worry about the chances of bad weather.

The third most common worry of American holiday-makers is that they may ____.

A. be attacked or lose their possessions

B. have problems with their cars on the road

C. have bad weather on holiday

D.get mixed with some rough fellow holiday-makers

解析：该题选D。主要通过准确辨别four out of 10、More than a quarter、22 percent、One in five的精确信息。

文本运用“精一用四”，重视语言文化内涵，完善写作之灵魂

词法活用“精一用四”，提高句式功能的意义。

用是指熟练准确地在口头和书面语中使用词汇。扩展词汇表达的范围，形成精彩的语言可以调动学生的学习动力和正确使用语言的积极性。

2012年高考北京卷情景作文满分卷：

This morning， I was jogging along the road near my neighborhood when I came across a foreign couple with a city map in their hand. Confusion was clear on their faces and immediately it downed on me that they must have been lost.

Without hesitation， I walked to them and offered to help. Thankfully， my English was fluent enough to make myself understood They smiled in relief and said they wanted to visit the Heaven Temple but failed to locate it in the map. Quickly， I pointed out the map and showed the direction as well. Worried by the thought that they might be again lost on their way， I walked them to a nearby bus stop so that they could arrive there without trouble. After a while， the bus No 20 pulled up at the stop which would took them to the Heaven Temple. Upon leaving， the couple thanked me warmly again， expressing the appreciation for my kind help.

Seeing the No 20 Bus disappearing into the distance， a sense of delight filled my heart. It made me so happy and proud to offer others in need a helping hand，and in this case I was also able to show foreigners how friendly the city of Beijing was！ （专家点评：用词恰当，内容丰富，语言与句式丰富。）

总之，词汇是语言的建筑基石。英语词汇学习是个系统工程，在英语词、句、段、文中活用词法，不仅可以提升英语语言水平，更能提升学科素养。■