苹果种间杂种对苹果腐烂病感病性的遗传分析

时间:2022-05-19 12:53:15

苹果种间杂种对苹果腐烂病感病性的遗传分析

摘要: 【目的】为分析苹果实生树对苹果腐烂病抗病性的遗传规律,【方法】2010—2011年连续2 a用2个苹果腐烂病菌株对‘紫塞明珠’ב富士’的杂种实生树1 150株进行离体接种鉴定,采用次数分布分析法研究了苹果腐烂病抗病性遗传。【结果】结果表明,连续2 a接种2菌株主基因遗传率均在78.5%~85.5%。该实生群体对菌株03—8的感病性的变异由5个主基因位点分离所致,而对菌株xc56的感病性分离与4个主基因位点有关,且年份间表现稳定。【结论】离体枝条接种病原后,发病/不发病表现为质量性状遗传,发病对不发病为显性。感病的实生树接种后发病的病斑长度表现为多基因数量性状遗传。

关键词: 苹果; 苹果腐烂病; 遗传规律

中图分类号:S661.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1009—9980(2012)05—0717—05

Inheritance of susceptibility to valsa canker in Malus interspecific hybrids

GAO Ting, LIU Xin—ying, ZHANG Xin—zhong, WANG Yi, LI Tian—hong,HAN Zhen—hai*

(Institute for Horticulture Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China)

Abstract: 【Objective】To study the inheritance of Valsa canker resistance. 【Method】1 150 apple hybrid seedlings (M. asiatica ‘Zisai Pear’ × M. domestica ‘Fuji’) were inoculated with the germinated conidia suspension of two pathogenic strains [Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada] on excised twigs for two years (2010 and 2011). Inoculation results were analyzed using frequency distribution analysis.【Result】The joined heritability of these major genes was estimated to be 78.5% to 85.5% in this hybrid group when inoculated by the two strains in the year of 2010 and 2011 respectively. The variation in susceptibility to the strain 03—8 of this hybrid seedlings group was attributed to the segregation of 5 major alleles genes, whereas the susceptibility variation to the strain xc56 within this population was attributed to the segregation of 4 major alleles genes. The regularity of resistance within the adopted population to both of the two strains was respectively stable during two years.【Conclusion】The incidence and non—incidence were qualitatively segregated, and incidence was dominant to non—incidence. The lesion length of diseased seedlings was a quantitative trait.

Key words: Malus domestica Borkh.; Valsa canker; Inheritance

苹果腐烂病主要由Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada 引起[1],该病菌既侵害苹果树的主枝、主干,也侵害果实等部位,造成树势衰弱、产量下降[2]。苹果腐烂病在亚洲、美洲、欧洲等苹果产区均有发生,而在亚洲东部地区发病尤为严重[3]。研究苹果腐烂病抗病性遗传,并以此指导育种实践,选育抗病品种具有重要的意义。

苹果种质资源对苹果腐烂病的抗病性表现出了丰富的遗传多样性。首先,苹果属植物抗病性存在显著的种间差异。苹果属35份种质材料的造伤接种鉴定结果发现山定子、东北黄海棠(Malus prunifolia )、雅江变叶海棠(M. toringoides)等7份种质资源高抗苹果腐烂病,一般抗2份,中抗2份,而其余的24份种质资源表现为感病[4]。而Abe 等[5]通过接种菌丝悬浮液,证明来源于9个种的14份种质资源表现为抗病,而7个栽培品种均表现为感病。不仅种间抗病性差异显著,即使同一个种的种质资源,对苹果腐烂病的抗病性亦表现出丰富的遗传多样性。三叶海棠(M. sieblodii)的一些类型对多个腐烂病菌株均表现为抗病[5—6]。采用离体鉴定方法发现苹果属204份材料的抗病性也表现出丰富的多样性[7]。不仅如此,甚至在苹果的栽培品种间,抗病性也存在着显著差异[8]。

由于苹果种质资源对腐烂病抗病性丰富的多样性,那么来源于不同种质资源抗病性遗传可能不同。Abe等[9]研究发现,源于三叶海棠的抗病性属于数量性状遗传,随后他们以苹果属16份种质资源配置23个全轮配后代群体,以相对病斑长度为抗病性指标,抗病性表现为数量性状遗传,其中以加性效应方差为主。

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