浅议英语中的宾语补足语

时间:2022-04-04 08:23:26

浅议英语中的宾语补足语

英语中的宾语补足语是整个中学英语教学的一个重要语言环节,为了帮助学生能够更好地掌握它的构成及其用法,先将宾语补足语归纳如下:

1什么是宾语补足语?

在英语中,有些动词除了一个宾语外,还需要一个成分来补充说明宾语的情况,这样,句子意义才能表达完整,这种成分在英语中被称为宾语补足语(或叫复合宾语)。这类常用的动词有:make(使),have(让,使得),get(让,使得),let(让),see(看见),consider(认为),find(发现),cause(引起)等等。如:

①May I help you plant the tree?

②What makes you think so?

③They found the room crowded with people.

2宾语补足语的几种类型:

2.1名词(包括名词性物主代词)作宾语补足语。如:

I can't understand why people elected her Monitor

我不明白人们为什么选他当班长。

In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.

在1849年,他去了英国并把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。

2.2形容词极其短语作宾语补足语。如:

Please keep the windows open. We need more fresh air.

请让窗户开着,我们需要更多的新鲜空气。

Your hair is too long. Go to the Barber's and cut it short.

你的头发太长了,去理发店剪短些。

2.3不定式极其短语做宾语补足语。如:

I often ask him to help me with my English.

我经常让他帮助我学习英语。

I heard him sing songs in the next room last night

我昨天晚上听见他在隔壁房间唱歌了。.

注:下列动词后的不定式作宾补时省略to:①感 feel ②听 listen to, hear③让 let, make, have④看 see, watch, observe, notice

如:

I can't have you say so.

我不能让你这么说。

You should try your best to make him understand that.

你应该尽量让他明白那件事。

We observed the students do the physics experiment.

我们观察了学生做物理实验。

2.4现在分词极其短语做宾语补足语。如:

I caught her stealing in the bookshop.

我当场抓住她在书店行窃。

We often hear him practicing speaking English.

我们经常听见他练习说英语。

2.5过去分词极其短语作宾语补足语。如:

When they got there, they found the bank robbed.

当他们到达那儿的时候,他们发现银行被抢了。

The teacher spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.

为了让别人听到,这位老师说话声音很大。

不定式做宾语补足语表示动作的过程,现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作,过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作的完成,有时含有被动意义。

2.6用as引出宾语补足语。如:

We consider him as a great scientist.

我们认为他是个伟大的科学家。

Marx took English as a useful tool in the struggle of life.

马克思把英语当作人生斗争中的有用武器。

2.7介词短语作宾语补足语。如:

Please make yourself at home.

请随便一点。

The cold kept me in bed for three days.

这次感冒使我在床上呆了三天。

2.8副词作宾语补足语。如:

He ordered them away.

他命令他们离开。

When we got there, we found him out

当我们到达那儿的时候,发现他出去了。

2.9从句作宾语补足语。如:

We will soon make our school what your school is now.

我们不久就要把我们的学校变成你们学校目前的样子。

The animal has its own name. You can not call it what you will.

这个动物有自己的名字,你不能随便称呼它。

注:当宾语为动词不定式、动词-ing结构或宾语从句并有宾补时,常用it做形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如:

They found it impossible to finish the work in such a short time. (后面不定式为真正宾语)

他们觉得不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。

I find it no use arguing with him.(后面的动名词为真正宾语)

我发现和他争吵没有用。

His parents thought it strange that their son hadn't written to them for too long.

父母认为他们的儿子好久没给他们写信了,这很奇怪。

同学们只要在平时的学习当中多留意一下宾语补足语这一结构,即“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,那么无论是在写作或翻译句子当中,都会运用自如。

收稿日期:2007-10-15

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