浅议强调句型的运用

时间:2022-05-02 08:43:44

中学生在英语学习过程中,往往会遇到各种各样的特殊句式。一些句式较好理解,在实际运用中也比较容易掌握;然而有一些句式在课堂讲解过程中,学生很容易接受,但在实际运用中,往往会出现这样或那样的问题。强调句型就是这样一个看起来比较容易掌握,但在考试中却常常把学生弄得焦头烂额的一个特殊句式。为解决这一难题,笔者结合自己多年的教学经验,对强调句型中的要点特做如下总结:

第一,掌握强调句型的基本结构。强调句型的基本句型为“It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/who从句”。被强调的部分可以是主语,宾语和状语等。例如:

(1) It was I who/that saw Li Ling in the street yesterday.

(2) It was Li Ping that I saw in the steet yesterday.

(3) It was in the street that I saw Li Ping yesterday.

(4) It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the street.

第二,注意强调句型和定语从句的区别。一般来说,强调句型可以还原成一个陈述句,既将It is/was ... that/who去掉后,剩余的部分仍可以形成一个完整的句子;而定语从句则不能直接还原成陈述句。例如:

(1) I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited. 可还原为陈述句 I just wonder what makes him so excited.

(2) It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was sent up by the Group of 17 Countries. 可还原为陈述句 In 1964, the first telephone satellite was sent up by the Group of 17 Countries. 所以,这两句均是强调句。

(3) It was 1964 when the first telephone satellite was sent up by the Group of 17 Countries. 不能还原成一个陈述句。如果将It was和when去掉则形成1964, the first telephone satellite was sent up by the Group of 17 Countries. 众所周知,1964单独使用是不能充当时间状语的,所以可以判定该句不是强调句型,而是关系副词when引导的定语从句。

第三,掌握强调句型的使用特点。其特点主要有以下几个方面:

1. 被强调的部分是状语或状语从句时,要用that引导从句不能用who, 而且that通常不能省略。例如: It was in the meeting room that we held the meeting yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我们是在会议室开的会。

2. 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词,主句的be动词都要用单数is或was. 例如: It was Madame Curie and her husband who/that discovered radium. 是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。

3. 当被强调的是人时,引导词可用who/whom, 也可用that。 需要注意的是,当被强调的是主语时,代词要用主格形式who; 当被强调的是宾语时,代词要用宾格形式whom。 例如: Was it you who/that let out the secret to her? 是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗? It was my English teacher whom/that I saw in the street. 我在街上见到的是我的英语老师。

4. 当被强调的是主语时, that/who后面的谓语动词单复数应与其先行词相一致。例如: It is I who am to blame. 都怪我。

5. 对not ... until时间状语从句进行强调时,其句型是: It is/was not until ... that, 即not和until在强调句型中总是紧挨着的。但需要注意的是, that从句不用倒装语序,且习惯上不用not till。 例如: It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。

6. 强调句的疑问句形式。

(1) 一般疑问句形式: Is/was it + 强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分?例如: Was it on the first day of their school year that the two old friends met on the campus again? 是不是在新学年的第一天两位老友又在校园见面了?

(2)特殊疑问句形式: What/Why/Where/How/When等疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其它部分?例如: Where was it that you held the meeting? 你们是在哪里开的会?

7. 强调句型结构中系动词形式的改变,即把系动词be改变成may/might/must be表推测的情态动词形式。例如: It might be one of the top officials in the company who got involved in the bribe. 可能是公司里的一位高官卷入了这一贿赂案件。

8. 用强调句的特殊疑问句形式作动词的宾语时,强调句的语序应为:特殊疑问词 + it + is/was + that + 其他部分。例如: Mike didnt understand what it was that made his wife so upset this morning. Mike不明白什么事情使他的妻子今天上午如此的不安。

9. 在复杂句式结构中考查强调句连接词that与定语从句的连接词。例如: It was in the park where they often walked in the morning that they fell in love at first sight. 他们一见钟情是在他们早晨经常散步的公园。

10. 语境导致的强调结构的省略,即that从句部分的省略。例如: ―Where are you working now? ―It is in the factory where my father used to work. 该句补充完整应为It is in the factory where my father used to work that I am working.

以上是本人在教学过程中所积累的对强调句型的一些理解,希望能对大家有所帮助。

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