磷脂酶C-γ1在肿瘤中的表达及其意义

时间:2022-10-21 07:57:34

磷脂酶C-γ1在肿瘤中的表达及其意义

[摘要]肿瘤转移是癌症患者死亡的主要原因,而肿瘤转移与肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭密切相关。因磷脂酶c-γ1过表达增强肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭能力,故其可能成为肿瘤靶向治疗的潜在靶点。本文就磷脂酶C-γ1在细胞活动性中的作用,促进肿瘤的发展和扩散,在肿瘤发展转移中的机制等研究进展作一综述。

[关键词]磷脂酶C-γ1;肿瘤;转移;侵袭

[中图分类号]Q 55[文献标志码]A[doi]10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.06.019

Expression and its significance of phospholipase C-γ1 in tumorsZhu Dongwang, Zhong Laiping, Zhang Zhiyuan.(Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, School of Medicine, The Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China)

[Abstract]Metastasis is the main cause of death in the patients with cancers, which is associated closely with cellular proliferation and invasion. The overexpression ofphospholipase C-γ1 can increase the ability of cancerous cells to invade and metastasize, so it maybe a therapeutic potential to counteract the metastatic dissemination. This paper reviewed the literatures about the significance of phospholipase C-γ1 in the motility of cells, increasing the ability of cancerous cells to invade and metastasize, and the mechanisms of tumor migration and invasion.

[Key words]phospholipase C-γ1;tumor;metastasis;invasion!!!!磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)与细胞的增殖和分化有关,至今已发现11种哺乳类动物磷脂酶C同工酶,并分为PLC-β、PLC-γ、PLC-ε和PLC-δ四大类型[1],每一类型还有亚型,如PLC-γ有PLC-γ1和PLC-γ2两个亚型。PLC-γ1在人体细胞中广泛表达,而PLC-γ2主要表达于造血干细胞[2]。PLC-γ1基因位于20q12~q13.1,序列号5335。PLC-γ1基因编码的相对分子质量约为1.48×105的蛋白质,含X、Y、C2和PH结构域各一个。X和Y结构域为催化功能域,折叠在一起形成催化位点;C2结构域介导与钙/磷脂相互作用;PH结构域识别多磷脂酰肌醇,后两者可能是水解磷酸酰肌醇二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate,PIP2)所必需的结构。

另外,PLC-γ1特有两个SH2(src homology 2)和一个SH3(src homology 3)结构域,PLC-γ1通过SH2结构域作用于细胞膜上的PIP2,将其分解为二酰甘油(diacylglycerol,DAG)和肌醇三磷酸(inositol triphosphate,IP3)。DAG可以激活蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC),IP3可引起细胞内钙库释放钙离子。细胞内的钙离子浓度增高和PKC的激活对各种细胞活性至关重要。SH3结构域为PLC-γ1调节生长因子诱导的细胞有丝分裂所必需[3]。PLC-γ1可被受体或受体酪氨酸激酶激活,这些激酶大多属于生长因子受体超家族,其中包括表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)、血小板衍生生长因子、神经生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、造血生长因子和胰岛素生长因子等等。PLC-γ1信号通路的下游包括PKC、Raf-1、促丝裂原激活蛋白激酶、三元复合因子、Jun、核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)-70等[4-6],但是PLC-γ1在机体中的作用机制目前尚不清楚。

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