时间：2022-10-21 10:30:13
Abstract. "practical writing" is a course with strong practicality， which needs to create a real work， life and study scene ，guide the students to apply related theory of practical writing to writing skills for improving their ability of practical writing. By using this method， students combine theory with practice，and perform what they have learned to write effective vividly . In order to undertake the concerned job in the future with well work ability and quality， exercise their cooperative learning team consciousness， and cultivate students' comprehensive quality on communication， co-ordination and planning，practical writing situational situational training breaks through the traditional method of teaching， realize diversification of practical writing training methods and effectiveness.
Key words： practical writing，theoretical knowledge，writing skills，situational training
1. Preface
Practical writing is to deal with public and private affairs in the government， organizations， enterprises ，institutions and individuals in their daily work， study and life. It owns a fixed format and practical style. Practical writing has a long history， in the course of development for thousands of years， the frequently use of it is particularly high， and the people have been constantly writing application， so， it has been formed some special aspects of characteristic.
To sum up，there are following characters：
1， practical. In order to clear purpose， writing for some practical utility.
2， passivity. The motivation of writing applications in many cases is affected by the authorities， groups of dispatch or assigned team task driven， all has the nature of the business activities of occupation.
3， Authenticity. Authenticity is the lifeline of the practical writing. Compared with literature which is a kind of processing and transformation of life comes from life and above life， practical characteristics determine its content must be true with a practical， accurate fact， do not allow to be narrow， also does not allow the invented fiction， even if a specific data， percentage， must be accurate.
4， Programmed. Practical writing must use different patterns which have different models. The so-called pattern， namely from repeated things in the abstract rules. Application of the model refers to their forms have the same layout and general unified requirements.
It is embodied in the following aspects：
（1） text style. The version of the head design， administrative document layout， fronts， spacing， kerning margins， paper size and the corresponding provisions.
（2） Management texts have strict format， including statutory format and non statutory format， which are different from each other.Statutory format is the authority in the form of laws on document format to make uniform provisions， universally implemented in the tube open range.non statutory formal is illegal customarily format， although there is no use of definite form provisions， but after a long period of writing practice ， it has formed a consensus， and has been established the basic format of writing that must comply with the basic form.
（3）structure model. Management of the document has a fixed structure model， non management in general is a relatively stable structure.
5. Parsimony. In order to improve the work efficiency， practical writing contains rich information with fewer words， thereby forming a simple style of writing.
At present， many university has opened the "practical writing" .As a public basic course， students seldom pay attention to it， and in the daily life learning ，most beginners feel strange and tedious， this kind of phenomenon is the challenge to teach this course， the teacher might be confronting lots of hazards in teaching practical writing . In traditional teaching， the teacher is the main stage， students are the audience. Therefore， the teachers only pay attention to the teaching method and case analysis， emphasis on theory and the concept of specific languages， empty talk， serious discrepancy with the actual work. The student do not have experience， just passively listen and write. So， most of the students’ ability lead to be low due to the lack of practical interest in writing. "Teaching" and "learning" are not forming an effective interaction， student's ambition has not mobilized， emotion has not lit， thinking has not activated， coupled with the lack of a scientific system of practical writing training， students' potential ability has not been developed.teaching ideas of " writing is the main， teaching is to promote writing " have not been implemented， so the course gains little， the teacher is also very headache. Only the students placed in the real social situation， participate in the discussion and draft documents， they will be provided with better learning opportunity. However， as the students are sophomore， to get a real social situation in concerned company is completely unrealistic， this is because we can't break the established teaching plan for each semester， and it’s difficult to find a spot that can receive college students for practical writing training. therefore， scenario training in practical writing in the teaching of practical writing is very important.
2. The purpose and significance of practical writing of scenario training
Practical writing is an important way of written expression and communication in a particular context. No matter how good a person's literary accomplishment ， if he does not grasp the characteristics and laws of practical writing， it is difficult to write the qualified writings， which will directly or indirectly affect people's work efficiency， negatively impact on people's social life and production.
"Scenario" refers to scene， situation and position. It is the appearance and condition that matters appear. The so-called "practical writing situational training" is the student create the event or problems through the occurrence and development of environment， we should create a real scenario， have the students face various problems directly. Flexibility in the use of practical writing， foundation， knowledge and skills related to each other， so as to correctly solve these problems， understand the teaching contents and method for improving the practical writing ability in a short time， application of practical writing situational training is of great necessary. It aims to make practical writing learning as an vital part of social life. That is to say， in the scenario training， not only did the students learn how to use practical writing in the different situations， but the content， method， skill and the method of practical writing. It is important for students’ work and life in the future. It is easier to activate students' interest in learning， improve learning efficiency.
Practical writing ，strictly speaking ，it is neither theory nor culture course， but a training course. Through training， students improve their writing techniques，and their enthusiasm and creativity have been aroused. It gives full play to the role of students ，they get more understanding of the theoretical knowledge and transplanted them into skills.
So， practical writing situational training has a far-reaching significance. It is indispensable from the campus into the community ， especially for college students ， not only cultivate their practical writing ability， but cultivate their comprehensive quality， so as to promote the all-round development of students， give full play to their ability in practical work， meet the need of the society and become a useful talent in this society in the future.
3. How to carry out the practical writing
situational training？
Practical writing is a social practice and economic development services， lack of training purpose，the students gain little benefit though they have worked very hard. Therefore， to be effective， we must pay attention to its teaching link and process， the rational use of theory， according to the site situation， give full play to the role of practical writing.
In view of the fact that our object of teaching is the second grade bachelor's degree students， we follow a random principle in the situational training course， the period of time should suit local conditions， and provide real writing tasks which meet the actual needs of practical writing situation. There are four completed steps， which are building the scene， the activities of the organization， guidance of teachers and collective comments.
The first step is to construct a scenario in real life ： situational training scene can involve many aspects， including social factors in economic life， the characteristics of the times， cultural background， social norms and customs， national cultural psychology， ways of thinking and habits， and beliefs and values. Because this is extended from the extra-curricular creative practice ability display， in order to ensure that students absorb more knowledge in situational training， master some new skills， we use props， script ，all kinds of practical style， sound processing， graphics， music， verbal and written training combined with training， telephone， reception， visit， communication skills， students role play and other information through multimedia presentations into a reconstruction of a practical ， intuitive， vivid scene. In the real scenario， the students play a variety of roles in context， understand and grasp the relevant practical writing knowledge， stimulate interest in learning， the points of knowledge and experience becomes its own ability and quality. In order to create a dynamic and open writing process， provide students with a series of concrete and real case， the scene also guide students in various exploratory learning at the same time， the ability of practical writing application has been improved.
The second part is organizing the real activities. Training course is from the student's life reality， combines all kinds of campus activities， social activities of writing， so that the practical writing training should adapt to student learning and life behavior， the student must know the significance and value of writing. The whole process of training is completed by the whole class， each class is divided into groups. The scenarios are large-scale activities Committee， office， campus life， exhibition Center， the recruitment site， family drama， 100 anniversary of university， the story of editorial department， the press conference， the party scene， film and television production company. Students are in the arrangements for a variety of scenarios， interspersed with practical writing， we set each group project their scenario freely， and prepared the quantities of writing with not less than 8， for different activities， learn to use different practical writing.
The students at the same time in co-splay creation of scenarios， influence character by environment，and learn a lot of interpersonal relationship， practical writing， personal emotion and other aspects of knowledge， but also exposed some defects in their lack of ability or knowledge. To examine the gap between their knowledge and skills with the actual requirements will strengthen the corresponding ability to exercise.
The third part is the guidance of teachers. Situational training is taking teacher as leader， the student as the center. Step by step， writing training model from easy to difficult. The teachers play roles as organizer， director and guide in the situational training. What they should do is to use the language， action to stimulate， induce students to produce different types of activity， and followed by situational training way to explore to develop students' writing ability. The students are grouped according to the practical project， and then in the real scene， dealing with various problems， improve their writing ability. Each time the implementation of practical writing training aim， task arrangement， organization are the teachers inseparable hard work. The problems that exposed in each group has been reminded by the teachers through conclusion， induction and summary， the students will acquire a correct understanding.
At this point to guide students， especially to situational creation， not only by one teacher， students passive participation can accomplish the scenarios. Because this is not the teacher a personal business， but everybody has to own enthusiasm to mobilize the initiative and creativity of students. The student as the main body classroom communicative activities， should be active to create situations， the teacher may make suggestions and participate in the discussion， to guide students to understand the task and content of practical writing is completed in different situations， but not the scene qualitative requirements limit.
The fourth part is the collective discussion and comment. Practical writing training is a bridge from theory to practice， in the culture plays an irreplaceable role in the comprehensive quality of College students. However， to fully evaluate students situational training of gain and loss， we must realize the comprehensive evaluation， advantages and disadvantages to explore students' knowledge， the situational training activities， skills， methods， emotion， attitude and behavior ability， habits etc.. The subject of evaluation to the teacher evaluation single instead of original teacher evaluation， student self-evaluation， mutual evaluation. Special attention should be paid to the students' self evaluation， only played the classmates by reflecting on their own gains and losses in practical writing training class in can really enhance their awareness of autonomous learning， improve their practical writing ability， after the end of the activity， we will invite besides Co-splay the students to talk about their feelings and experience， evaluation of performance and practice be concise and to the point in the training class students achievement and select excellent group award.
4. Summary
"Practical writing" is a subject of practical tools， intervention， a practical importance， effectiveness characteristics， to achieve good teaching effect， the interaction of theory and practice is essential. In teaching， students often appear in the “look， listen to understand，”the phenomenon that the students lack the practice and operation ability. But the practice is test and supplement of classroom knowledge， simultaneously is also the most effective way to theoretical knowledge into ability， practical writing only mobilize and exert students' independence， autonomy， initiative and creativity， to integrate the teaching theory with teaching practice， to cultivate the comprehensive quality of university students， all-round development to promote students ability in practical work， play in the future. The practical writing situational training from "teaching" to complete the "situational training"， to increase the students' interest in learning at the same time.the students' writing ability.
Life is the source of writing， living space is much， writing classroom is as big. As practical writing teachers， we must grasp the lifeline， break through the narrow classroom. Correctly handle the relationship with life， in class and after class， regard campus， society as practical writing class， not to be the mouthpiece of the knowledge， but to be organizers to mobilize the students to actively participate in situational training teaching activities because， the teaching effect was not the teacher know how to teach， but the students to learn how to.
5. Acknowledgement
Team Of Practical Teaching.
References
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[3] Yin Zimin， scene simulation teaching method research， Journal of Liaoning University of Technology， 2009 June eleventh volume third issue.
[4] Kong Fancheng "context teaching research"， Beijing： People's publishing house， 2009 October.