部分倒装的六种情况

一、only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语，且位于句首时，要用部分倒装

若only不在句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语，而修饰主语，则用正常语序。如：

Only by working hard can one succeed.（部分倒装语序）

Only I can go there.（正常语序）

例1 Only when I left my parents for Italy _________ how much I loved them.

A. I realized B. I had realized

C. had I realized D. did I realize

解析：only 修饰when引导的时间状语从句，且位于句首，主句的主、谓语要用部分倒装。根据left可判断出是过去时间，因此答案为D。

二、含否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，要用部分倒装

常用的这类词或词组有：seldom，little，few，hardly，never，rarely，scarcely，not a bit，not until，hardly...when，no sooner...than，at no time，by no means，in no case，on no condition等。如：

Little did I know that she had already left.

例2 ―It’s nice. Never before _________ such a special drink.

―I’m glad you like it.

A.I had had B. I had

C. have I had D. had I

解析：否定词never位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，因此答案为C。

例3 I’ve tried hard to improve my English，but by no means _________ with my progress.

A. the teacher is not satisfied

B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied

D. is the teacher satisfied

解析：but连接两个并列分句，by no means意为“决不”，位于第二个分句的句首，句子要用部分倒装，因此答案为D。

例4 ―Did Linda see the traffic accident？

―No，no sooner _________ than it happened.

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

解析：no sooner... than意为“一……就”，no sooner所在的主句常用过去完成时，than引导的从句常用一般过去时，因此答案为A。

例5 Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it.

A. he stopped B. did he stop

C. stopped he D. he did stop

解析：not until位于句首时，主句部分的主谓要进行部分倒装，因此答案为B。

三、so/such...that结构中的so或such连同其修饰的成分一起位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装

例6 _________ that Marie was able to set up new branches everywhere.

A. So successful her business was

B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful

D. So was her successful business

解析：根据选项可知是so...that结构，且so位于句首，要用部分倒装，因此答案为B。

例7 So sudden _________ that the enemy had no time to escape.

A. did the attack B. the attack did

C. was the attack D. the attack was

解析：在so/such...that中，若so/such放句首，则用部分倒装。此处attack为名词，因此答案为C。

例8 Such lovely weather _________ that we decided to spend the day on the beach.

A. it is B. is it C. it was D. was it

解析：在 such...that句型中，such位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，因此答案为D。

四、表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，so/neither/nor结构用部分倒装，即“so/neither /nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”（so表示肯定，neither/nor表示否定）

例9 ―My room gets cold at night.

―_________.

A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

解析：此句考查部分倒装，答案为C。

例10 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _________.

A. I was neither B. neither was I

C. I was either D. either was I

解析：“neither+was +主语”为否定意义，表示所说的情况也适用于某人。句意为“比尔对詹森迟交报告不高兴，我也不高兴”。 答案为B。

五、as / though 引导的让步状语从句要用部分倒装

as / though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语、状语（形容词、副词、分词等）提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词等+as/ though+主语+谓语的其他部分”。

例11 Try _________ she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.

A. if B. when C. since D. as

解析：as引导的让步状语从句，从句要用部分倒装，即把句中的谓语动词try置于句首，因此答案为D。

例12 _________ as she is，she is quite courageous.

A. A woman B. Woman

C. Women D. The woman

解析：在as引导的让步状语从句中，若表语为可数单数名词，则名词前不加冠词，因此答案为B。

六、在省略if的非真实条件句中，were /had/should 放在句首的形式就是部分倒装

在“were/ had/ should+主语+其他部分”结构中，只有在were/ had/ should这三个词提前放在句首时，句子才用部分倒装。

例13 _________ fired，your health care and other benefits would not be cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

解析：此句是表示将来的虚拟语气。句意为“万一你被解雇，你的医疗护理与其他福利也不会被停掉”。此条件句可还原为“If you should be fired”，句中省略了if，要把should提前。答案为B。

例14 _________ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the films so often.

A. If it is not B. Were it not

C. Had it not been D. If they were not

解析：此句为表示过去时间的非真实条件句，即主句用would have done，从句用had （not）done/been结构。从句可还原为“If it had not been for the free tickets”，句中省略了if，把had 提前，用部分倒装。答案为C。

雷静，中学高级教师，高三备课组组长，湖南省常德市第一批高中英语骨干教师，常德市高中英语学科带头人。从2011年起连续被聘为“国培计划”――湖南省农村中小学骨干教师培训项目授课教师，2012年开始主持湖南省教育考试院的“十二五”规划课题――湖南高考英语能力考查的创新研究，目前课题已立项。

（责任编校 彭益）