时间：2022-10-06 04:07:07
A. 形复意单的名词作主语
1. 许多学科名称（谓语动词用单数） Physics is required of every student in our school.
2. 国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名（谓语动词用单数） The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. / The Times reports the news of the strike. / Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
注意：如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数
The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.
The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China.
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.
3. 有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称（谓语动词用复数） My blue trousers have been worn out. / His glasses are new. 注意：这些名词如用a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The pair of shoes is under the bed.
4. 单、复数同形名词(sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等)作主语（谓语动词看意义而定） The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. / The (These) glass works are near the railway station.
This species of rose is very rare. / The species of fish are numerous.
Sheep are raised for wool. / There is a sheep under the tree.
B. 集合名词作主语
1. 若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员，则谓语动词用复数 His family are waiting for him. / But the man’s family was small-only himself and his wife.
2. 有些集合名词(cattle, folk, people, police, youth等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The cattle are grazing in the field. / Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. / Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人从不知足。
3. 有些无生命（表示物）的集合名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 All the furniture in my room is new. / Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. / The machinery is driven by electricity.
C. 代词作主语
1．关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致 Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. / Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
注意：在 one of+复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数，但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数。 This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. / She is the only one of the girls who sings best.
2．不定代词作主语
①some, all, any, none, more, most作主语时，视其文中的意义判断谓语动词用单数还是复数 Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。/ All are present today, Mr Li. answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。/ None is so good as he. 没有人像他那么好。
②some, all, any, none, more, most等词接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数 Most of his spare time was spent in reading. / Most of the colour blind people are men.
D. 数词、量词作主语
1. 数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语动词通常用复数 About twenty know the secret. / Six are missing.
2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数，但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数 More than one person has known the news. / More students than one are for your proposal.
3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词用单数 One out of ten was badly injured in the accident.
4.“a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数 A word or two is missing here. / One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.
5.“many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数 Many a passenger was killed in the accident. / Many a boy has been to the castle.
6.“one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数 One and a half bananas is left on the table. / One and a half years has passed.
7.“分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. / Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. / Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year.
8. 用plus/and表示“加”、用minus表示“减”、和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，也可用复数 Two and two is/are four. / Ten times five is/are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
注意：用from表示“被减”，multiplied by表示“被乘”，divided by表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。 8 from 10 leaves 2. / 25 divided by 5 equals 5.
9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数 Fifty kilometers is a long distance. / Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. / The six months was a terrible dream for her.
注意：若强调这类结构的复数意义，谓语动词也可用复数。 Six years have passed since my father left home. / The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. / There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。
10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 Lots of damage was caused by fire. / Lots of goods were sent there by air. / Half of the oranges are bad. / Half of the food is unfit to eat.
11. 在“a number/total of+名词复数”结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数，但在“the number/total of+ 名词复数”结构中，中心词却是number或total，谓语动词用单数 A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. / The number of pages in this book is 900. / A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. / The total of letters received last month was 3，000.
12. 在“a great deal of/ a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数 A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. / A large amount of money is spent on the project. / Large amounts of money were spent on the free way.
13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 The rest of the students are watering trees. / The rest of the wine has gone bad.
（作者单位：江西省师大附中）