句子的种类

时间:2022-09-27 10:47:52

【前言】句子的种类由文秘帮小编整理而成,但愿对你的学习工作带来帮助。That kite isn't mine. 那个风筝不是我的。(否定句) 关于肯定的陈述句在前面的语法讲解中都有描述,这里就不同的否定句进行归纳总结。 1. be动词、实义动词、情态动词的否定句 1) be动词的否定形式是在be后加not。例如: I'm not a middle school student of NO.1 ...

Kinds of the Sentence

一、陈述句

陈述句用来陈述事实或观点,它分肯定句和否定句两种形式,句末有句号,读时读降调。例如:

This is my own house.

这是我自己的房子。(肯定句)

That kite isn't mine.

那个风筝不是我的。(否定句)

关于肯定的陈述句在前面的语法讲解中都有描述,这里就不同的否定句进行归纳总结。

1. be动词、实义动词、情态动词的否定句

1) be动词的否定形式是在be后加not。例如:

I'm not a middle school student of NO.1 Middle School.我不是第一中学的中学生。

He is not sure of his success.

他对成功没有把握。

The film is not made in China.

这部电影不是在中国拍的。

Tom is not playing football.

汤姆没有在踢球。

He was not watching TV last night.

昨晚他没有在看电视。

2)实义动词的否定形式是在实义动词前加助动词的否定形式。例如:

She doesn't know English. 她不懂英语。

I don't understand your words.

我不明白你的话。

They didn't finish it yesterday.

他们昨天没完成任务。

He hasn't done it yet.

他还没做那件事呢。

He hadn't come before I came here.

我来这儿之前他没来。

I won't go until you come back.

你回来后我再走。

3)情态动词的否定形式,在情态动词后加not。例如:

You shouldn't stay here.

你不应该留在这里。

I can't speak English well.

我说英语说不好。

She needn't worry about her mother.

她没必要担心她妈妈。

I daren't go out at night.

晚上我不敢一个人出去。

She can't be at home.她不可能在家。

2. 否定结构应注意的问题

1)使用not的部分否定

Not all people like football.

并非所有的人都喜欢足球。

Not everyone can do it well.

并非每个人都能把它干好。

It is not always so cold in our part.

我们地区并非总是这么冷。

注 意

not经常与all,always,both,every以及every的复合词一起使用构成部分否定结构。例如:

Not everything goes well here.

这儿并非一切都好。

Not every student in our class enjoys watching TV. 我们班并非每个学生都喜欢看电视。

比较:Nothing goes well,here.

这里一切都不顺利。

No student in our class enjoys watching TV.

我们班没有一个喜欢看电视的。

2) no的其他否定形式

not…at all(一点也不);not…any more(longer) (不再);never(从不);few(几乎没有);little (几乎没有);hardly(几乎不);no(没有;不);no one(nobody)(没有人);none of(没有任何人或物);seldom(几乎不);too…to(太……而不能……);nothing(什么也没有);seldom(很少)。

He is too excited to say a worde.

他太激动了,一句话也说不出来。

He can hardly speak French.

他几乎不会说法语。

None of us can understand your letter.

我们中没人能看懂你的信。

Nothing can stop us from planting more trees.

没有什么能够阻止我们多植树。

He has never been to China.

他从未来过中国。

I don't like your idea at all.

我一点也不欣赏你的观点。

He's no longer a student now.

他现在不是一个学生了。

注意

not any/not a=no

There's no water in the lake.=There's not any water in the lake.

He has not a watch.=He has no watch.

二、祈使句

祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、建议等的重要句型,它有肯定形式与否定形式两种,句中通常不含主语。读时用降调。

1.省略第二人称的祈使句

1) 肯定形式

Be careful! 当心!

Please come in. 请进。

Help yourself to some bananas.

请随便吃些香蕉。

Jim, hurry up, please! 吉姆,请快点!

2) 否定形式

Don't play with fire! 别玩火!

Please don't be late next time.

下次请不要迟到。

Don't speak so fast.别说这么快。

Don't call me Tom,please.请别叫我汤姆。

3)do+动词原形,表示强调

Do be here on time! 一定准时来这儿。

Do tellher about it. 一定告诉她关于这件事。

Do make yourself at home. 一定不要拘束。

Do drive carefully! 开车一定小心。

2.含有第一人称和第三人称的祈使句

1)肯定形式

Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧。

Let us learn from each other.

让我们互相学习吧。

Let Mike clean the blackboard.

让迈克擦黑板吧。

Let's have a walk. 让我们散散步吧。

注意

Let's习惯上包括对方,而Let us往往不包括对方,因此构成的反意疑问句也不同。例如:

Let's do it together, shall we?

我们一起做,好吗?

Let us drink some tea,will you?

让我们喝点茶水,好吗?

2)否定形式

Let's not stand here.我们别站在这儿。

Let Li Lei not sweep the floor.

别让李雷扫地了。

Don't let John go. 别让约翰走。

Let her not trouble me. 让她别烦我。

三、感叹句

感叹句用来表达人的特殊情感,常用what,how引起,句末加叹号,也可以由一个单词引起。

感叹句通常由what或how引导,一般各有三种情况。

1.What引导的感叹句

1)What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语! 例如:

What a new watch it is!

多么新的一块手表啊!

2)What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语!例如:

What interesting books the children are reading!

孩子们读的书多么有趣啊!

3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:

What important new it is!

多重要的新闻啊!

2.How引导的感叹句

1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!例如:

How tall the girl is!那个女孩多高啊!

2)How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!例如:

How heavy a box they are carrying!

他们抬的箱子多重啊!

3)How+主语+谓语! 例如:

How time flies! 时间过得多快!

注意

如何判断用what还是用how

方法一:凡是有a,an开头的,多用what;

方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词多用what;

方法三:其他一般用how。

四、疑问句

疑问句用来提问,疑问句句末用问号。它分一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定疑问句等。

1.一般疑问句

一般疑问句需要用yes,no来回答,读时用升调。例如:

―Are you tired ? ―Yes,I am.

你累了吗? 是的,我累。

―Is he a teacher? ―No, he isn't.

他是一个老师吗?不,他不是。

―Do you like French?―Yes,I do.

你喜欢法语吗? 是的,我喜欢。

―Does she enjoy music?

―No,she doesn't.

她喜欢音乐吗? 不,她不喜欢。

―Can he come? ―Yes,he can.

他能来吗?是的,他能。

―Must I finish it earlier?

―No,you needn't.

我必须提前完成吗? 不,不必。

―Have you learned a foreign language?

―Yes,I have.

你学了一门外语了吗?是的,我学了。

―Has she arrived yet? ―Not yet.

她来了吗?没来。

―Had he left before I came?―Yes,he had.

在我来之前,他就走了吗?是的。

―Will he come home tomorrow?

―Yes,he will.

明天他将回家吗?是的。

注意

所有的一般疑问句都以be动词、助动词、情态动词开头,读时用升调。例如:

Do you like flowers? 你喜欢花吗?

Did he come late? 他来晚了吗?

Will yon help me?你愿意帮我吗?

2.特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句由于对句子中的某一特殊部分提问,一般以疑问词开头,读时用降调,不能用yes,no来回答。

1) what引导的特殊疑问句

―What's your father? ―He's a doctor.你爸爸是干什么的?他是一个医生。(用于提问表语)

―What's in your room? ―There's a bike.你房间里有什么?有一辆自行车。(用于提问主语)

―What do you like most? ―I like music most.你最喜欢什么?我最喜欢音乐。(用于提问宾语)

2) who,whom,whose引导的特殊疑问句

这种疑问句用于对主语、宾语、表语进行提问。例如:

―Who is the man? ―He's my uncle.

那个男人是谁? 他是我叔叔。

―Whom are you calling? ―I'm calling Tom.

你在给谁打电话? 给汤姆。

―Whose is that bike? ―It's mine.

那辆自行车是谁的? 是我的。

―Whose bag is this? ―It's my mother's.

这是谁的包?是我妈妈的。

3)由which引导的特殊疑问句

这种疑问句主要用于对主语、宾语进行提问。例如:

―Which would you prefer?―I prefer this one. 你更喜欢哪一个?我更喜欢这一个。

Which one is hers? 哪一个是她的?

Which picture is yours?

哪一幅图画是你的?

4)由when,where,why,how引导的特殊疑问句这种疑问句主要用于对状语进行提问。例如:

When do you go to school?

你什么时候去上学?

Where shall we meet?

我们将在哪里碰面?

Why did you go there yesterday?

昨天你为什么去那里?

How do you usually go to work?

你通常怎么去上班?

5)疑问形容词引导的特殊疑问句

这类疑问词包括what,which,whose等后面加名词引起的疑问句。例如:

What day is it today? 今天星期几?

What sport do you like most?

你最喜欢哪项运动?

Whose home is far from here?

谁的家离这儿远?

Which country do you come from ?

你来自哪个国家?

3.选择疑问句

选择疑问句由说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案,供选其一。读时语调是“前升后降”,后面的选择部分由or来连接。例如:

―Would you like to go there by bus or by train?

你愿意乘公共汽车还是乘火车去那儿?

―By bus.乘公共汽车吧。

―Shall we go home today or tomorrow?

我们是今天还是明天回家?

―Tomorrow.明天。

―How do you know him,on the radio or on TV?

你是怎么认识他的,是通过电台还是通过电视?

―On TV.通过电视。

―Which colour do you like best,red, white or blue? 红色、白色和蓝色你最喜欢哪一种颜色?

―I like red best. 我最喜欢红色。

4.反意疑问句

反意疑问句由“陈述词+附加疑问句”构成,用于提出征询或希望陈述的事情是事实。反意疑问句后面的附加疑问句必须与前面的陈述句在人称、数、性别三方面保持一致。如果表示疑问,后面读升调;如果表示强调,后面读降调。

1)“肯定陈述句+疑问句(否定形式)”

―You are a middle school student,aren't you?

―Yes,Iam./No,I'm not.你是一个中学生,

是吗? 是的,我是。/不,我不是。

―She did her job well,didn't she?

―Yes,she did./No,she didn't.

她工作干得好,是不是? 是的。/不,她干得不好。

―He can speak English,can't he?

―Yes,he can./No,he can't.

他会说英语,是不是? 是的,他能。/不,他不能。

― She has been back,hasn't she? ― Yes,she has./

No,she hasn't.

她回来了,是吗?是的。/不,她没回来。

―They had gone by yesterday,hadn't they?―Yes, they had./No,they hadn't.

他们昨天之前已经走了,对不对?是的。/不,他们没走。

2)“否定陈述句+疑问句(肯定形式)”

应注意这类反意疑问句的回答,yes,no与后面的答语要一致,如果答语是肯定的,要用“Yes+肯定结构”;如果回答是否定式的,就要用“No+否定结构”。注意在译为汉语时的不同概念。例如:

―You don't clean your teeth,do you?

你不刷牙,对不对?

―Yes,I do./No,I don't.

不,我刷。/是的,我不刷。

―She hasn't come yet,has she?

她还没回来,是不是?

―Yes,she has./No,she hasn't.

不,她回来了。/是的,她没回来。

―They aren't interested in sports,are they?

他们对运动不感兴趣,是吗?

―Yes,they are./No,they aren't.

不,他们感兴趣。/是的,他们不感兴趣。

―Li Bin can't speak Russian, can he?

李彬不会说俄语,对不对?

―Yes,he can./No,he can't.

不,他会说。/是的,他不会说。

3)反意疑问句要注意的特殊情况

(1)陈述部分的主语是this,that时,疑问部分的主语多用it陈述部分的主语是these,those时,疑问部分的主语多用they。例如:

This is a dictionary, isn't it?

这是一本词典,是吗?

Those are shelves,aren't they?

那些是书架,是吗?

(2)陈述句如果是there be结构时,疑问部分仍用there。例如:

There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wansn't there?

曾经有一个名叫圣特尼克罗斯的人,是吗?

(3)陈述句的谓语动词是have(has,had)to(必须)时,疑问部分用助动词do的相应形式来体现。例如:

They have to go there,don't they?

他们不得不去那儿,不是吗?

He has to leave early,doesn't he?

他不得不早早离开,是不是?

(4)陈述句中的谓语动词是wish时,疑问部分常用may来体现。例如:

You wish to go home, may you?

你想回家,是不是?

(5)在英语口语中,“I am+表语”结构,后面的反意疑问句多用aren't I来体现。例如:

I am very interested in learning English,aren't I? 我对学英语感兴趣,是不是?

(6)陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。例如:

Taking care of our environment is very important,isn't it?

保护好我们的环境非常重要,不是吗?

What he said is right,isn't it?

他所说的是对的,不是吗?

(7)陈述句中含有not、no、hardly、neither、never、few、little、too...to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。例如:

Few people knew the news,did they?

很少有人知道这个消息,是吗?

Tom has never been to England, has he?

汤姆从未去过英国,是吗?

但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如:

She is unhappy,isn't she? 她不幸福,是吗?

(8)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况:

a. have作“有”解时,可有两种形式。例如:

He has a new book,hasn't(doesn't) he?

他有一本新书,不是吗?

b. have表示其他意思时,只用do的相应形式。例如:

She had a good time in the park,didn't she?

她在公园里玩得高兴,不是吗?

They had a meeting yesterday,didn't they?

昨天他们开会了,不是吗?

(9)当陈述部分有情态动词must时,常用的有三种情况:

a. must表示“必须”、“禁止”等时,疑问部分用must(mustn't)。例如:

I must answer the letter,mustn't I?

我必须回信,是吗?

b. must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用needn't。例如:

You must go home right now, needn't you?

你必须立刻回家,不是吗?

c. 当must用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据must之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式。例如:

You must be tired,aren't you?

你一定很累,是吗?

He must be studying in the classroom, isn't he?

他一定在教室学习,是吗?

(10)当must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have+过去分词)时,若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“didn't+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven't(hasn't)+主语”。例如:

He must have met her yesterday,didn't he?

他昨天一定见过她了,对吗?

You must have seen the film,haven't you?

你一定看过这场电影了,是吗?

(11)当陈述部分有had better时,疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。例如:

You'd better go with me,hadn't you/shouldn't you?你最好和我一起去,是吗?

(12)陈述句的主语是nobody,no one,everyone,somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用they,如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。例如:

Nobody says aword about the accident,do they?对这起事故没人说什么,是吗?

Everything seems all right, doesn't it?

看起来一切顺利,是吗?

(13)陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应与主句中的动词和主语保持一致。但“I don't think(believe,guess,consider,feel,find等)+宾语从句”句型,变为反意疑问句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应与从句中的动词与主语保持一致,并且用肯定形式。例如:

I don't think he can do it well, can he?

我认为他干不好,是不是?

She never thought she would fail,did she?

她从未想到过她会失败,对吗?

He told you that he wouldn't come on time,didn't he? 他告诉你他不能按时来了,是不是?

(14)当陈述部分为祈使句时,反意疑问句应注意:

a. 如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分用肯定式或否定式均可。肯定形式在语气上更委婉客气。例如:

Pass me the book,will you/won't you?

递给我那本书,好吗?

Stop talking,will you? 停止说话,好吗?

b. 如果祈使句为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式。例如:

Don't speak aloud any more,will you?

别再大声讲话了,好吗?

Don't be careless,will you?

别粗心了,好吗?

c. 祈使句若是以let开头的句子,表示“建议”(包括说话人和听话人双方)时,疑问部分用shall we;表示“请求”(不包括听话人)时,疑问部分用will you。例如:

Let's go home now,shall we?

让我们现在回家吧,好吗?

Let us help you,will you?

让我们帮你吧,好吗?

(15)陈述部分用neither…nor,not only…but also等连接主语时,疑问部分的主语应用复数。例如:

Neither you nor I can do it, can we?

我和你都不能做,是吗?

(16)感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时。例如:

What a lovely day,isn't it?

多好的天啊,不是吗?

How cool the weather is,isn't it?

天多冷啊,不是吗?

(17)陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问。例如:

He is a teacher and he has taught English for fifteen years,hasn't he?

他是一名老师并且教了十五年英语,不是吗?

(18)陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分常对前面的主句进行反问。例如:

She didn't live in Hangzhou when she was young,did she?

她年轻时不住在杭州,是吗?

He said that Mary had joined the League,didn't he? 他说玛丽入团了,是吗?

句子的种类实战演练答案

1. John hasn't got a very nice radio.

2. Did you have any work to do yesterday?

3.How soon will the meeting be over?

4.Please tell me where Tom lives.

5.He's so tired that he can't go on walking.

6.The young man is so old that he can join the army.

7. What did they need to climb up the wall?

8. I didn't know him at all.

9. She will not be in this hospital any longer.

10. There's no milk in the bottle.

11. Few people believe your story, do they?

12. He could hardly do it well, could he?

13.Do be careful.

14. Let me help you, will you?

15. Let's go together, shall we?

16. Don't play with fire, will you?

17. Don't speak so fast.

18. How hard the work is!

19.How hard they are working now!

20. If you study hard, you'll catch up with others.

21. How helpful these books are!

22. He doesn't do well in maths.

23. Had he better stay in bed for a few days?

24. No, she needn't.

25. He has finished it already, hasn't he?

26. What's his father?

27. What's your interest?

28. Whom did you call just now?

29. Whose pen is lost?

30. Which one is your favourite?

31. Where will we meet?

32. Why didn't you go to work?

33.How did you get there last time?

34. Would you like to get there by bike or on foot?

35.Be sure to pass the exam, will you?

36.There's nothing in the box, is there.

37.Nothing can be used here, can it?

38.I don't think he will be here late, will hey?

39.He never thought I would come, did he?

40.Nobody wants to stay in bed, do they?

1.How beautifully the children are dancing!

2.Noneof uscan work out themaths problem.

3. I don't know computers at all.

4. Let's make a new plan.

5. How time flies!

6. Tom, please don't stand there any longer.

7. Be sure to take good care of your eyes.

8. Not everyone likes eating sandwiches.

9.I don't think the film is worth seeing again.

10. Young trees should not be cut down too early.

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