八年级下册Units1~3易混词语辨析

时间:2022-09-24 12:08:26

一、less, least, fewer, fewest

[要点领悟]

less表示“较少的”, least表示“最少的”,分别是little的比较级和最高级,修饰不可数名词、形容词或副词。fewer和fewest分别是few的比较级和最高级,修饰可数名词的复数。

[真题导航]

1. ThedoctortoldMarytoeat ________ vegetables and ________ meat because she was getting fatter and fatter.

A. much; little B. more; less

C. many; fewD. more; fewer

(广东省)

2. Thenumberofgiantpandasisgetting ________ because their living areas are becoming farmlands.

A. less and less

B. larger and larger

C. smaller and smaller

D. fewer and fewer

(江苏盐城)

3. Theshopassistantshowedherseveral DVDsandshechose ________ expensive one.

A. less B. least C. the less D. the least

(湖北黄冈)

[指点迷津]

1. 选B项。由题干的原因状语从句“because she was getting fatter and fatter”可推知,两个空白处分别填more和less,符合语法及句意。

2. 选C项。题干中的“the number of giant pandas”意为“熊猫的数量”,为可数的内容,所以,空白处应填smaller and smaller(越来越少),也符合后文的原因状语从句所表达的意思。

3. 选D项。句意为“售货员给她看了几张DVD光碟,于是她选了最便宜的一张”,此处有最高级的含义。最高级前通常要用定冠词the,所以D选项正确。

二、wear, put on, try on, dress

[要点领悟]

1. wear指“穿着、戴着”,侧重状态,可以有进行时态。

2. put on指“穿、戴”,强调穿的动作。put on是终止性动词词组,表示一时的动作,一般不与时间段状语连用。宾语是代词位于on的前面,是名词前后都可。

3. try on 指“试穿”,宾语是代词位于on的前面,是名词前后都可。

4. dress在表示“穿”时,既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,既可表示动作,又可表示状态。值得注意的是:(1)表示自己穿衣服这个动作时,接反身代词作宾语;(2)表示给别人穿衣服时,接表示人的名词或代词作宾语;(3)dress的过去分词dressed可作表语,表示穿着的状况,或“穿着……的衣服”;(4)dress作不及物动词时,意思是“穿衣”“穿(晚)礼服”。

[真题导航]

1. Theboywasableto ________ himself whenhewasveryyoung.

A. dressB. wearC. put on

(黑龙江哈尔滨)

2. Usually, Betty ______ in colourfulT-shirts in summer.

A. wearsB. is dressed

C. is wearing D. dresses

(山东泰州)

3. ―Do you like the new coat, Jack?

―Well, let me ________ and see.

(广东广州)

A. wear it on B. put on it

C. try it onD. dress on it

4. Oh, Danny. It’s raining outside. You’d better ________ your raincoat.

A. put on B. put up

C. dress D. to wear

(河北省)

[指点迷津]

1. 选A项。题干空白后为反身代词,dress后接反身代词表示“为某人自己穿衣服”。

2. 选B项。“be dressed in...”意为“穿……衣服”,dressed是过去分词作表语。

3. 选C项。根据题干对话语境可知,空白处表示“试穿”的意思,所以C选项正确。

4. 选A项。题干前句的意思为“外面在下雨”,所以后句应是“穿上雨衣”,put on是“穿上”的意思。

三、such, so

[要点领悟]

两者都可以表示“这样”“如此”的意思,区别是:

1. such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。如果修饰单数可数名词,其后需加不定冠词a或an。

2. so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。

3. so可以用来修饰“many/much/ few/little+名词”结构,such不可以。

[真题导航]

1. ________ excitingnews! We’venever had ________ long vacation before.

A. What; such a B. What an; such a

C. How; such aD. What; so a

(山东潍坊)

2. Lookout!Thetrafficis ________ fast ________ we can’t cross the street now.

A. too; to B. enough; to

C. so; thatD. such; that

(湖北潜江)

3. I have ________ chores to do today that I can’t go out with you.

A. so much B. such many

C. so many D. such

( 辽宁省)

[指点迷津]

1. 选A项。题干第一句为感叹句,what引导的感叹句修饰不可数名词时不可加不定冠词;第二个空后为名词,不可用so修饰,所以,A选项正确。

2. 选C项。根据题干句子结构不难看出,本题为“so/such...that...”句型,A、B选项排除。由于第一个空后是形容词fast,所以C选项正确。

3. 选C项。修饰many, much, few, little加名词结构时,只可用so,且chores为名词复数形式,要用many修饰,故C选项正确。

四、both, either, neither

[要点领悟]

三个词语都可作代词、形容词和连词。具体区别如下:

1. 作代词,both意为“两者都”,either意为“两者中任何一个”,neither 意为“两者中任何一个都不”。both作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,neither和either作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。作代词时,both可用作同位语,neither与 either则不行。

2. 作形容词,三者的意义与作代词时相同,both修饰名词的复数形式,neither与either修饰名词的单数形式。

3. 作连词,both与and连用,意为“双方都”。neither与nor连用,意为 “ 既不……也不……”。either与or连用,意为“或是……或是……”。它们均用来连接两个在语法功能上相同,在结构上相称的并列成分。当“neither...nor...”和“either...or...”连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。而“both...and...”连接并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。

[真题导航]

1. ―Do you want tea or coffee?

―________. I really don’t mind.

A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither

(山东青岛)

2. ―Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or Liu Dehua?

―________. I am not their fan.

A. Both B. Either C. NeitherD. All

(重庆市)

3. Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in the countryside because ________ of her parents work in the city.

A. bothB. eitherC. neither

(四川成都)

4. My aunt has two children. But ________ of them lives with her.

A. each B. neither C. either D. both

(河北省)

5. I can _______ swim _______ skate. I’m going to have some training next year.

A. either; or B. neither; nor

C. both; and D. not only; but also

(江苏南通)

6. “Youcan’thavethemboth. Youcan choose ________ the kite ________ the toy car,” said Mother.

A. either; or

B. both; and

C. not only; but also

(广东省)

[指点迷津]

1.选C项。根据题干对话问句中所给两个选择对象以及答语中的“I really don’t mind”(我确实不介意)可知,C选项符合句意和句法。

2.选C项。根据题干对话问句中所给两个选择对象以及答语中的“I am not their fan”(我不是他们的“粉丝”)可知,C选项符合。

3. 选A项。根据从句中的动词是work,可判定从句的主语应为复数,所以选A项。

4. 选B项。“both of...”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,而“either of...”与“neither of...”作主语时谓语动词则用单数, 又因为第二句开头有“But”表示转折,根据逻辑推理及语法常识应选B项。

5. 选B项。“neither...nor...”意为“既不……,也不……”, 本题由后句“I’m going to have some training next year”可知,前文应为“我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰”,所以B选项正确。

6. 选A项。“either...or...”意为“或……,或……”,本题由前文的“You can’t have them both”可知,后文应为“或者选择风筝,或者选择玩具汽车”,所以A选项正确。

五、except, except for, besides

[要点领悟]

1. 作介词时,三者表示“除……以外”,except相当于except for,指“从整体中除去一部分”,一般不放在句首;但except for后只能接名词或代词。besides表示“除……以外,还有”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,含义是肯定的。

2. 用于疑问句和否定句中时,besides 与except的意思是一样的,即besides在意义上相当于except。

[真题导航]

1. ―Why did you all go swimming _______ Tom?

―Because he was ill at home.

A. withB. besidesC. besideD. except

(山东连云港)

2. Ben’s composition is almost perfect ____several spelling mistakes.

A. exceptthat B. except for

C. besidesD. beside

(山东潍坊)

3. George is very busy. He has other people to take care of ________ me.

A. besides B. beside

C. except D. except that

(山东德州)

[指点迷津]

1. 选D项。由题干对话语境的答语“Because he was ill at home”可知,Tom是“去游泳”以外的人,所以D选项正确。

2.选B项。根据题干前后文的意思,“Ben的作文除了有一些拼写错误之外写得非常好”,except for可表示这一用法,所以B项正确。

3. 选A项。句意为“除了我以外他还要照顾其他的人”,根据题意,显然包括“我”在内,所以A选项正确。

六、while, when

[要点领悟]

1.这两个词都可以用作从属连词,表示时间,意思都是“当(在)……的时候”,区别是:

(1)while的含义是“during the time that”,只能用于指一段时间,从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,从句与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生,不能一先一后分别发生。

(2)when的含义是“at or during the time that”,既可用于指一个时间点,也可用于指一段时间,从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生,或一先一后分别发生。

2.两者用作并列连词时,区别是:while用来表示对比,往往译为汉语的“而”;when表示时间,意为“在那时,届时”,主句多用进行时态。

[真题导航]

1. He met many problems ________ he was going over his lessons.

A. before B. as soon as

C. sinceD. while

(天津市)

2. I’m good at English ________ he does well in Japanese.

A. when B. because C. as D. while

(天津市)

3. Linda was just going out shopping _____the telephone rang.

A. while B. when C. after D. because

(山东聊城)

4. Don’t be afraid of asking for information ________ it is needed.

A. whenB. afterC. althoughD. unless

(天津市)

[指点迷津]

1.选D项。句意为“他在复习功课时,遇到许多问题”,主从句两个动作同时发生,所以D选项正确。

2. 选D项。根据题意可看出,空白处应填表示对比的选项, while作并列连词时表示比较的意思。

3.选B项。由题干句子结构和前后文意思可看出,本题为考查when作并列连词时的用法,意为“琳达正要出去购物,这时电话铃响了”。

4. 选A项。句意为“当你需要信息时,不要担心,尽管提出来”,when引导时间状语从句。

七、as...as..., so...as...

[要点领悟]

“as...as...”和“so...as...”均用于同级比较,前者可用于肯定句和否定句,后者只用于否定句。

[真题导航]

1. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出与所给句子划线部分意义相同或相近的并能替代它的那一项。

―My best friend is more popular than me. I want to be like him.

―I think you should be more friendly.

A. look likeB. the same for

C. as popular as D. so friendly as

(湖北黄冈)

2. ―The classroom is ______ clean ______it was yesterday.

―Sorry, I forgot to clean it.

A. as; as B. so; as

C. not so; as D. more; than

(福建福州)

[指点迷津]

1. 选C项。题干中的like是介词,意为“像……”,like him意为“像他一样受欢迎”,C选项与此意一致。

2. 选C项。由题干对话语境的答语“I forgot to clean it”可知,对话第一句的意思为“教室没有昨天那样干净”,所以用表示同级比较的否定形式。

上一篇:阅读理解一则 下一篇:细微之处显美德