时间:2022-10-19 09:14:47
一、 turn on, turn off/ out, turn down, turn up
[要点领悟]
turn on表示“打开(电视机、电灯、水龙头等)”; turn out相当于turn off表示 “关掉”; turn up表示“调大、开大(音量等)”; turn down表示“关小、调低”。它们都是动词加副词构成的词组,接代词时,代词要位于副词之前;接名词时,名词置于副词的前后都可以。例如:
Peter always turns on all the lights when he comes home.
彼得回到家时总是爱把所有的灯都打开。
Did you turn off/ out the light in the bathroom?
你关掉浴室里的灯了吗?
It’s so hot. Why don’t you turn the fan on?
天这么热,为什么不把风扇打开?
If you’re cold, I can turn the heat up.
如果你冷的话,我可以把暖气开大些。
Turn down the radio!
把收音机调小声点!
[真题导航]
1. Remember to ______ the lights when you leave your classroom.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
2. The music is too loud, would you mind ______?
A. turn it down B. turning it down
C. turning down it D. turn down it
3. ―The TV is too noisy, Mum.
―Sorry, my dear. I’ll ______ at once.
A. turn it down B. turn it on
C. turn it up D. turn up it
4. Would you mind ______ the music? I can’t hear it clearly.
A. turning up B. turning down
C. turning on D. turning out
[指点迷津]
1.选B项。由题干“when you leave your classroom”可知,应该是“关掉灯”。
2.选B项。mind后接动词时用v-ing形式;turn down后接代词,代词应位于down前。
3. 选A项。根据题干对话语境及所给选项,空白处应填表示“关小、调低”意思的选项。
4. 选A项。由题干“I can’t hear it clearly”可知是要求调大音量,A选项正确。
二、allow, let
[要点领悟]
两者在表示“允许”“让”时,allow指允许某人做某事,后面接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,可用于被动语态;let后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,一般不用于被动语态,常用于祈使句中。例如:
He doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
他不允许我使用电话。
I’m allowed to stay out until 12 o’clock on weekends.
周末我可以在外面呆到十二点。
I want to go to Europe this summer, but my parents won’t let me go.
我今年夏天想去欧洲,但父母不让我去。
Let me show you how to do it.
我给你示范一下怎么做吧。
[真题导航]
1. ―Mum! The box’s too heavy.
―Don’t worry. Let me _____ it for you.
A. carry B. carries
C. carrying D. to carry
2. Please be quiet.We are not allowed_____much noise in the reading room.
A. to make B. make
C. making D. to making
[指点迷津]
1. 选A项。let后接不带to的不定式作宾补。
2. 选A项。are not allowed是被动语态,原来在主动语态中作宾补的动词不定式在被动语态句中作主语补足语。
三、instead, instead of
[要点领悟]
instead意为“代替,作为替代”,是个副词,不能在其后加名词、代词、v-ing等,而只能作动词的状语或者句子的状语,用于句首时常用逗号与句子主干部分隔开,也可直接用于句末。instead of也可以表示“代替”,但是该结构为复合介词,其后必须要加上名词、代词、v-ing等作宾语。例如:
If you don’t want to go, I will go instead.
要是你不想去,我就替你去好了。
He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema.
他没有去学校,而是去了电影院。
Each of us made a face instead of smiling.
我们所有的人都做了一个鬼脸,而不是微笑。
[真题导航]
1. Few British students like to talk to their parents about their problems. They would rather talk to their friends ______.
A. again B. seriously
C. instead D. quietly
2. If you can’t get to sleep, then get up and try to do something ______ lying in bed.
A. and B. or
C. instead of D. because of
[指点迷津]
1. 选C项。句意为:“英国的学生不喜欢和父母谈论他们的问题,而是更愿意和他们的朋友谈论”。
2. 选C项。句意为:“如果你睡不着,就起来做点什么,而不是躺在床上”。
四、besides,except
[要点领悟]
besides意为“除……之外,还有……”, 表示肯定,是递进关系。例如:
Besides Mr Liu, some people ran to help the old man.
除了刘先生,还有几个人跑过去帮那位老人。
Besides maths homework, you should hand in your English homework.
除了数学作业,你还要把英语作业交上来。
而except意为“除……之外,其余都……”。即except所修饰的人或物被排除在外,不与大多数一致。例如:
All the students went to the park except Jack.
除杰克外,其余的学生都去了公园。
I am free except today.
除了今天,我随时都有空。
[真题导航]
1.―Why did you all go swimming ______ Tom?
―Because he was ill at home.
A. with B. besides C. beside D. except
2. I have some other story books ______ those on the shelf. You can take what you want.
A. with B. and C. besides D. except
[指点迷津]
1. 选D项。根据答语“he was ill at home”可知,Tom没有去游泳,是被排除在去游泳之外的人,所以选except。
2. 选C项。根据题意可知,除了书架上的故事书,我还有其它的故事书,所以选besides。
五、hear, hear about/of, hear from
[要点领悟]
hear指 “听见”“听到”,后面直接跟宾语表示听到某人或物的声音,也可接不带to的不定式或分词的复合结构。hear后面接分词表示“听见(正在干什么事)”,而接不定式只表示“听到(什么)”,是表示一种事实。hear后面接宾语从句表示“听说……”。例如:
I heard someone laughing.
我听见有人在笑。
Did you hear him go out?
你听见他出去了吗?
I heard that you did a good job.
我听说你干得很棒。
hear about/of sth. /sb.指“听说某事或某人”;而hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”。例如:
I’ve never heard of the place.
我从未听说过那个地方。
How often do you hear from your sister?
你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次来信?
[真题导航]
1. ―Have you got a letter from your mother?
―No, I haven’t. (找出意义相同并能代替画线部分的最佳选项)
A. heard from B. heard of
C. written to D. heard about
2. ― How do you know that she likes singing?
― I often hear her _____ after class.
A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings
3. ― Do you hear her ______ in the next room?
―Yes. It sounds perfect.
A. sings B. to sing C. singing D. song
4. ― Where’s Mary now? Do you know?
― No, but I heard ______ in her room a few minutes ago.
A. her singing B. her sing
C. she was singing D. A, B or C
[指点迷津]
1. 选A项。画线部分意为“收到信”与heard from同义。
2. 选C项。本题属于“hear sb. do sth.”结构,后接省去to的不定式作宾补。
3. 选C项。本题属于“hear sb. doing sth.”结构,意为“听到某人正在做某事”。
4. 选D项。A项为“hear sb. doing sth.”结构;B项为“hear sb. do sth.”结构;C项为“hear +从句”结构。这三个选项都符合对话语境和语法要求,所以D选项正确。
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