从句与虚拟语气教学浅议

时间:2022-09-16 08:14:43

从句与虚拟语气教学浅议

本文就虚拟语气在各种从句中的运用要点作简单归纳,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时应注意的问题

在条件状语从句中,掌握虚拟语气用法的关键在于弄清这种假设其所在的时间范围,要按虚拟语动词变化的固定要求使用。

(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设。如果条件状语从句中的谓语动词用的是一般过去式(动词be常用were),主句的谓语动词则要用would/should/could/might+动词原形。例如:

If I were you,I should help him

(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设。如果条件状语从句中的谓语动词用的是“had+p.p”,主句中的谓语动词则要用would/should/could/might+have+p.p。例如:

If you had been here yesterday,you would have met her

(3)表示将来不可能实现的愿望或发生的情况。如果条件状语从句中的谓语动词用的是:①should+动词原形:②一般过去式;③were+不定式;那么主句中的谓语动词则要用“would+动词原形”。例如:

If he should come tomorrow,he would meet Mary

If he came tomorrow,he would meet Mary

If he were to come tomorrow,he would meet Mary

(41错综时间条件句。如果条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式要根据表示的时间调整。例如:

If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would be quiteallfight now

If I were in better health,I would have gone with them

(5)如果if从句中有助动词had,should或系动词were,if可以省略,而把had,should或were放在句首,构成倒装句。例如:

Had you studied hard,(=If you had studied hard)youwould have passed the examination

Were it not for gravity(=If it were not for gravity),therewould be lots of things we couldn’t do

(6)有时虚拟语气不用条件句的形式出现,而是以一个介词短语的形式出现,这时句子的谓语动词用什么形式,就取决于这个动词要表达的动作发生在什么时候。例如:

Without electricity human life would be quite differentto-dav

But ior the fog,we should have reached the top of thehill

2.宾语从句中虚拟语气的使用中应注意的问题

(1)在动词一个坚持(insist)、二个命令(command,or-der)、三个建议(suggest,propose,advise)、四个要求(de-mand,adk,request,require)后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,而且should可以省略。例如:

The doctor suggested that she (should)do more exer-cise

He ordered that the work be started at once

需要注意的是:有些动词后的从句,既可用虚拟语气,又可用陈述语气。例如:suggest和insist,当suggest表示“建议、主张”时后面的从句用虚拟;作“暗示、表明”讲时,从句一般用陈述语气。Insist作“坚持(要求)”讲时,其后一般用虚拟语气;作“认为”讲时,宾语从句一般用陈述语气。例如:

We suggested she should be sent to the hospital,

The expression on her face suggested that she was an-gry

(2)含wish的宾语从句常表示不能实现的愿望,意为“要是……就好了”、“可惜……等。”如果从句的谓语动词用过去完成式,表示对过去情况的一种相反的假设:用一般过去式,则表示现在或将来不能实现的愿意。例如:

I wish I had not done that,I wish I were a bird

3.主语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)在句型It is+adj(necessary,important,natural,strange等)+that-clause时,从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,例如:

It is necessary that we(should)learn English well

(21表示建议、命令等的动词用于被动句中且用it作形式主语时,在真正的主语从句,谓语动词要用should+动词原形。例如:

It is necessary that they should go to the Great Wall

4.在表语从句和同位语从句中,当advice,sugges-tion,idea,plan,proposal,request,order,demand等名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位词从句中如含有“应该、竟然”的意义时,也用should+动词原形。例如:

His suggestion is that we should do it right away

She won’t listen to my advice that she should not dothat again

5.虚拟语气在一些特殊句型中的运用

(1)It is time后接that从句中,表示“某人该做某事的时候了”,that从句中的谓语要用一般过去式,也可用should+动词原形。例如:

It is time that we went to bde,It is time that we shouldgo to bed

(2)在would rather后接的that从句中,谓语动词要用一般过去式。例如:

I would rather that he came next week

(3)在as if引导的从句中用一般过去式表示与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生或后于主句谓语动词发生的动作,用过去完成时表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。例如:

He talks as if he knew everything in the world

He talks as if he had been to the moon

(4)在if only引导的从句中使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词按照前面条件状语从句中的动词形式构成谓语形式。例如:

If only I had learned enough!

(5)以whatever,whoever,no matte what之类代词或词组引导的从句中;谓语动词多用may+动词原形。例如:

I won’t let you in whoever you may be

N0 matter what you may say,I am determinded to do it

(6)在may+主语+动词原形,表示“祝愿”的句子中也常用虚拟语气,意为“祝愿……”、“但愿……”。例如:

May you make greater progress in the xoming Hew year!

(7)口语中的虚拟语气常使语气显得比较委婉。

Would you mind turning the light on?

Would you mind if I opened the window?

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