When the Sky Turns Green天空变成绿色时

时间:2022-09-14 12:48:50

When the Sky Turns Green天空变成绿色时

It sounds like something from a fairy tale. If you look at the horizon at sunset―exactly as the last sliver(长条) of sun disappears―you might see a flash of brilliant green blaze across the sky. Indeed, an old Scottish proverb (谚语) maintains that whoever sees this flash will always be lucky in love. While we can’t confirm the lucky-in-love part of this, there is a scientific explanation for the flash of green light.

As sunlight enters our atmosphere, it bends slightly. This is due to refraction (折光,折射), the same thing that makes a pencil look slightly askew (歪斜的) when you stick it half way into a glass of water. The atmospheric bending of light rays is greatest when the sun is right along the horizon, at sunrise or sunset.

How does bending sunlight create a green flash? When sunlight is bent by refraction, it separates into different colors, just like light through a prism (三棱镜). While a prism can make a dramatic rainbow, atmospheric refraction isn’t that strong. It doesn’t turn the sun into a rainbow, but it makes the lowest part of the sun seem a bit redder, and the top of the sun seem greenish blue. The effect is so subtle, you’d never notice it.

Except, of course, at sunset or sunrise, for a split second, when most of the sun’s globe is below the horizon, the only part showing is that blue-green sliver along the top. Blue light is scattered by the atmosphere, so what’s left is a brief flash of green, the only illumination (照明, 发光) in the sky!

Please remember, this happens immediately after a sunset. Never look directly at the setting sun.

这听起来有点像童话故事。当你凝视着日落时的地平线――确切的说是当太阳隐去最后一道光芒的时候――你也许会看到一道绿色的亮光划过天空。其实,有一句古老的苏格兰谚语说过,如果谁看见了这道绿闪光,谁就会是爱情的幸运儿。尽管我们不能证实是不是会真的成为爱情的幸运儿,但是关于这道绿光科学能够给出解释。

当太阳光进入大气层时,由于折射作用,光线会发生轻微的弯曲。这和把铅笔的一半没入一杯水中时看起来有点弯折的情况类似。光线在贴近地平线时,即日出或者日落时,大气的折射率最大。

太阳光的折射是如何产生绿闪光的呢?当太阳光发生折射时,就像是光线经过一道三棱柱,光束会被分离出不同的颜色。三棱柱虽然可以产生漂亮的彩虹,但是大气的折射程度没那么厉害,不会把阳光变成彩虹,但是它会使太阳最下面的部分带点红色,最上面的部分带点偏绿的蓝色。不过由于作用微弱,你可能从来没注意过。

当然,除非是在日出或者日落的一刹那,当太阳几乎整个落到地平线以下、唯一能看见的部分就是顶部的一缕蓝绿色光时,蓝光经大气层散射,剩下的就是短暂的绿色闪光了。那是那一刻天空中唯一的亮光!

不过请记住,这种现象只在日落后的瞬间发生。千万别一直盯着落日看。

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