关于直接引语变成间接引语的注意事项

时间:2022-06-21 11:50:52

对一些学生来讲, 学习八年级《英语》下册“直接引语变成间接引语”这一内容,如果没有掌握其变化规则,就很难了解其内涵。现对直接引语变成间接引语作一个简要的概括。

Direct speech(直接引语)指直接引述别人的话,常用引号括起来。Indirect speech(间接引语)是用自己的话把别人的话陈述一遍,没有引号。同时间接引语在大多数情况下是宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语要从以下几方面入手:

一、人称的变化

人称的变化概括为九个字:一随主、二随宾、三不变,即若直接引语引号中的人称为第一人称,则变成间接引语时人称与主句主语的人称一致。若直接引语中引号中的人称为第二人称,则变成间接引语时人称与主句中宾语的人称一致。若直接引语中的引号中人称为第三人称,变间接引语时人称不变。例如:

(1)He said,“I am a student?”

—He said he was a student.

(2)He said to me,“You are a good student.”

—He told me(that)I was a good student.

(3)He said,“She can help me.”

—He said she could help him.

二、时态的变化

如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句中的时态不需要变化。如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中的谓语动词要作相应的变化,一般现在时改为一般过去时,现在进行时改为过去进行时,一般将来时改为过去将来时,现在完成时改为过去完成时等。例如:

(1)He says,“Her father is a teacher.”

—He says (that) her father is a teacher.

(2)Her mother said “I’m watching TV.”

—Her mother said she was watching TV.

三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及部分动词的变化

(1)指示代词:this —that ,these—those

(2)时间状语:now —then,to day—that day,tonight--that night, tomorrow—the next day, next week—the next week, yesterday—the day before,ago—before, the day before yesterday—two days before等

(3)地点状语:here——there

(4)有些动词:come——go

My mother said ,“I will come back tomorrow .”

—My mother said she would go back the next day.

四、句子结构的变化

(1)如果直接引语部分为陈述句,变为间接引语时通常用that来引导,that可省略。

He said,“I want to be a doctor.”

—He said(that)he wanted to be a doctor.

(2)如果直接引语部分是感叹句,变为间接引语时通常用that来引导,that可省略。

He says “How great china is!”

—He says China is great.

(3)如果直接引语部分是疑问句,变为间接引语时,一般疑问句用If或whether来引导,特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词来引导,不管是特殊还是一般疑问句,间接引语用的都是陈述语序。

(1)He said,“Are you a student?”

—He said If (whether) I was a student.

(2)He said,“what are you doing?”

—He said what I was doing.

(4)如果直接引语部分为祈使句,变为间接引语时,把动词原形变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前加tell、ask、order、advise等动词。例如:

He says,“Don’t play here!”

—He told me not to play there.

五、间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要调整

(1)陈述句和感叹句中的say to常改为tell, ask 等带双宾语的动词。

(2)疑问句中的say/ say to常改为ask, want to know 等表示疑问的词语。

六、同时直接引语变成间接引语,还须注意以下几个要点:

(1)间接引语在大多数情况下是宾语从句。

(2)直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如是当天转达,today ,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改变,如果在当地转达,here 也不必改为there ,come也不必改为go 。另外,在过去时的引述动词之后,当是转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在,仍然是事实时也经常用一般现在时。例如:

(1)He said,“The earth is bigger than the moon .”

—He said that the earth is bigger than the moon.

(2)Her mother said to me,“She is a good girl.”

—Her mother told me that she is a good girl.

(作者单位:江西省永新县永安中学)

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