过去进行时“自我介绍”

Hi, everyone! 我是过去进行时，是时态“家族”中的重要成员之一，我的动作通常发生在“过去”，并且是“(那时)正在进行”，故取名“过去进行时”。你想知道我的详细情况吗？欢迎走进本期的“语法聚焦”栏目。

一、结构

我的结构是“助动词be的过去式(was, were) + 动词的-ing形式”，其中助动词be应根据主语的人称和数量正确选用was或were。我的否定句、一般疑问句以及肯定、否定回答的构成方式可参照现在进行时的相应结构。下面就以“昨天这个时间我正在看电视”这个句子，让大家加深印象：

肯定句：I was watching TV at this time yesterday.

否定句：I was not / wasn’t watching TV at this time yesterday.

一般疑问句：Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?

肯定回答：Yes, I was.

否定回答：No, I wasn’t.

二、用法

1. 我可以表示过去某个时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：

What was she doing at half past eight yesterday evening?

昨天晚上八点半她在做什么？

I was reading when someone knocked at the door.

当有人敲门时，我正在看书。

2. 我可以与always, all the time, very often等这类副词连用，用来表示一个不断重复的过去的动作，而该动作可能使说话者感到喜悦、不满、厌烦等。例如：

He was smiling all the time. (表示喜悦)

他总是微笑着。

The boy was always asking me the same question. (表示厌烦)

这个男孩总是问我同样的问题。

3. 我可以用于描写故事情景，或提供故事发生的时间背景。例如：

It was a dark night and it was snowing heavily.

一个漆黑的夜晚，雪下得很大。

此外，我还可表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，但只限于go, come, leave, start,arrive等动词，相当于过去将来时。例如：

He said his parents were going to America soon.

他说过父母不久会去美国。

三、时间状语

与我连用的时间状语通常有at this time yesterday, at that time, at nine yesterday morning, the whole afternoon等。例如：

What was Zhao Bin doing at this time yesterday?

昨天这个时间赵斌在做什么？

They were doing their homework from 6:30 to 8:00 yesterday evening.

昨天晚上从六点半到八点他们在做作业。

另外，在由when, while等引导的时间状语从句中也常用到我。例如：

When / While I was visiting in Beijing, I liked to travel on foot.

当我在北京参观时，我喜欢步行。

四、与一般过去时的区别

我和一般过去时都属于“过去时态”的范畴，但是我和它的用法及结构却迥然不同。主要体现在以下几个方面：

1. 时间状语不同

常见的与我连用的时间状语如上所述；而常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday (morning / afternoon / evening), last night / week / month / term / year, two days ago, the day before yesterday, in 1998, just now, once upon a time等。试比较：

She was doing some washing when I came in.

当我进来时她正在洗衣服。

The story took place in 1991.

这个故事发生在1991年。

2. 动作的角度不同

我强调动作“过去正在进行”的延续性；一般过去时强调动作的“发生”或状态的“存在”。试比较：

Mum was doing some washing the whole day yesterday.

妈妈昨天一整天都在洗衣服。

I got up at five the day before yesterday.

前天我五点就起床了。

3. 动词的特点不同

⑴ 行为动词在两种时态中均可使用。例如：

We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午这个时间我们正在踢足球。

We played football two hours ago.

两小时以前我们踢过足球。

⑵ 静态动词只用于一般过去时中，不用于过去进行时中。常见的有：表示感觉的动词，如feel, hear, know, see, smell, taste等；表示状态、情感的动词，如be, have, dislike, hate, love, like, want, wish等； 表示心理活动的动词，如forget, mean, realize(认识到), remember, understand等； 表示所属关系的动词，如own(拥有), belong to(属于)等。

⑶ 我的谓语动词只能用延续性动词；一般过去时的谓语动词既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。例如：

She was cooking.（cook为延续性动词）

她在煮饭。

My brother joined army in 1990.（join为非延续性动词）

我哥哥1990年参的军。

4. 所表示的感彩不同

我有时可表示赞美、厌烦等情绪，带有描绘性和感彩；一般过去时是对过去事实的客观描述，语气比较客观、肯定。试比较：

She was always coming home late.（带有埋怨情绪，指责某人的一贯行径）

她总是晚回家。

She went there late.（说明客观事实）

她去那儿晚了。

巩固练习：

一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she__________ (play) the piano.

2. ―I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer.

―Oh, sorry. I__________(shop) with my cousin in the supermarket.

3. Dick gave me a note while I__________(read) in the library.

4. ―What were you doing this time yesterday?

―I__________(repair) my bicycle.

5. ―I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.

―Oh, we __________(do) some shopping .

6. I __________(draw) on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.

7. ―I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

―Oh, I’m sorry. I__________(have) dinner at my friend’s home.

8. It__________(snow) from 7:00 to 9:00 this morning.

二、按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。

1. He was looking after his daughter those days. (改为一般疑问句)

__________he__________after his daughter those days?

2. These days I am writing a book. (用at eight o’clock last night代替these days改写句子)

I_____ _____ a book at eight o’clock last night.

3. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. (改为否定句)

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun______ ______.

4. She was listening to music at seven yesterday. (对画线部分提问)

_____ _____she__________at seven yesterday?

5. They are listening to the teacher now. (用at this time yesterday代替now改写句子)

They______ ______ ______the teacher at this time yesterday.

6. Mr White was reading a book at 9:00 yesterday. (改为反意疑问句)

Mr White was reading a book at 9:00 yesterday,_______ ______?

7. I was walking home when it began to rain. (改为同义句)

It began to rain__________I was walking home.

8. They were dancing in the room most of the afternoon. (对画线部分提问)

_______ _______they __________most of the afternoon?

Key:

一、1.was playing 2.was shopping3.was reading4.was repairing5.were doing 6.was drawing7.was having 8.was snowing

二、1. Was， looking2. was writing3. wasn’t shining4. What was,doing5.were listening to 6. wasn’t he 7. while 8. Where were, dancing