林区啮齿动物分布与生境关系研究

摘 要：为了解黑龙江省东南部林区人为干扰下啮齿动物生态分布与生境的关系，利用夹日法于2008年3月—2010年12月进行实地调查。结果表明，黑龙江东南部林区共有啮齿动物21种，隶属3目8科16属，占黑龙江省啮齿动物的70%，其中，古北界17种（占80.95 %），广布种4种（占19.05 %），在动物区系组成上以古北界为主，在捕获的数量上看棕背鼠平（Clethrionomys rufocanus）为优势种。在针阔混交林和针叶林中棕背鼠平的密度最大。灌丛中棕背鼠平和黑线姬鼠为主。沼泽湿地以东方田鼠为主。阔叶林以大林姬鼠为主。农田草地草甸以黑线姬鼠为主。在居民点附近以伴生种褐家鼠为主。这反映了它们对不同生境的选择倾向性。地面草本植物的覆盖度和丰富度对小型啮齿动物分布也起决定作用。

关键词：林区；啮齿动物；生境

中图分类号：Q958.3 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2012.04.044

Research on the Relationship Between the Distribution of Rodent and Site Environment in Forest Region

WANG Lu1, JIN Zhi-Min2，YANG Chun-wen2，LIU Zhu2，PIAO Zhong-wan2，QIAO Zheng-lei2

(1.Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China; 2. Life Science and Technology School, Mudanjiang Normal College, Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157012, China)

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: In order to master the relationship between the ecological distribution of rodent and site environment under the man-made interference in the southeast forestry of Heilongjiang , from March , 2008 to December , 2010, a on-the-spot investigation was carried out by clip day methods. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of rodents, belonged to 3 orders 8 families 16 categories , which accounted for 70% of rodents in Heilongjiang and of which there were 17 kinds of palearctic realm (accounting for 80.95%) , 4 kinds of dispersed species (accounting for 19.05%). In the composition of animal fauna palearctic,realm was dominant. In terms of captured number, Clethronomys rufocanus was dominant species. In the theropencedrymion and coniferous forest, the density of Clethronomys rufocanus was the largest . In the bushes, Clethronomys rufocanus and Apodemus agrarius were dominant .In the mash microtus fortis and in the broad-leaved forest apodemus speciosus was dominant. In the farmland and wet meadows apodemus was domimant. Near the settlements accompanying sewer rat was dominant. The finding reflected rodent had a choice tendency for different living environment . The coverage and richness of herbage on the ground mainly determined the distribution of small rodents.

Key words: forestry ; rodent ; living environment

关于啮齿动物分布与生境的关系，国内外有过一些报道，研究结果不尽相同，有人认为啮齿动物群落多样性与植被多样性无关[1-3]，有人认为呈正相关，关于干旱地区啮齿动物与生境的关系的研究，分析了多种环境因素对啮齿动物群落的综合影响,认为鼠类群落的多样性与其所处的环境的复杂性有直接关系,环境复杂,鼠类群落多样性越大[4-8]。关于黑龙江省东南部林区自然环境改变和人为干扰下啮齿动物的生态分布与生境的关系未见报道，笔者于2008年3月—2010年12月，对黑龙江省东南部林区啮齿动物分布进行了详细调查研究，为进一步研究该地区鼠类分布格局及群落变迁提供基础生物学资料。

1 研究地点及方法

1.1 研究地点