直接引语变间接引语

一、 句型变化

1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

例1“ I like reading adventure stories，” said John.

John said（that） he liked reading adventure stories.

2. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。

例2 He said， “Can you swim， John？”

He asked John if he could swim.

例3 “You have finished the homework， haven’t you？”my mother asked.

My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

例4 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike？”

He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

3. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

例5 She asked me， “When do they have their dinner？”

She asked me when they had their dinner.

4. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask， order， beg等） sb. （not） to do sth.”句型。

例6 “Don’t make any noise，”she said to the children.

She told （ordered） the children not to make any noise.

例7 “Bring me a cup of tea， please，” said she.

She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

5. 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”

例8 He said， “Let’s go to the film.”

He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

二、人称变化

“一主，二宾，三不变。只变人称不变数和格。”

1. “ 一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化而变化 。

例9 She said， “I like it very much. ”

She said （that） she liked it very much.

2. “二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

例10 He said to Kate， “How is your sister now？”

He asked Kate how her sister was then.

3. “三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

例11 Mr. Smith said， “Jack is a good worker.”

Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.

三、时态变化

例12 She said， “I have lost a pen.”

She said she had lost a pen

例13 She said， “We hope so.”

She said they hoped so.

例14 She said，“He will go to see his friend.”

She said he would go to see his friend.

但要注意在以下几种情况下直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

1. 直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

例15 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”， the teacher told me.

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

2. 直接引语是过去进行时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

例16 Jack said，“John， where were you going when I met you in the street？”

Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.

3. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

例17 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 2l， 1980.”

Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20， 1980.

4. 直接引语如果是一般现在时，且表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

例18 He said， “I get up at six every morning."

He said he gets up at six every morning.

5. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better， used to）和已经是过去时的形式变为间接引语时，（例：could， should， would， might）时态不再变。

例19 Peter said. “You had better come here today.”

Peter said I had better go there that day.

四、状语变化

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then；yesterday变为 the day before等）。地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）。

例20 He said， “These books are mine.”

He said those books were his.

但要注意：如果在当地转述，here 不必变为there；如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。