透视it用法,把握中考热点句式

初中课本中时常出现 it,中考试题也时常考查含 it的句式｡下面就以2005年～2006年全国部分省市的中考试题为例,对 it 的一些基本用法作一归纳,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助｡

[基本用法归纳]

一､ it 指代动物和植物｡例如:

―Oh, that’s Lucy’s hat. 噢,那是露茜的帽子｡

―It looks like a cat! 那顶帽子看上去像只猫!

―Where’s tea grown? 什么地方种茶?

―It’s grown in the southeast of China. 中国东南部种茶｡

[试题精选]

Jack caught a big fish this afternoon. Now he is cooking ______ for dinner.

A. one B. it C. this D. that(2005年河南省)

Key: B

二､ it 指代一些无生命的事物｡例如:

Is it your watch? 这是你的手表吗?

It’s dark there, but I am sure it is a desk. 那里很黑,但我可以肯定,那是一张课桌｡

[试题精选]

1. ―I’m sorry you have missed the bus. It______five minutes ago.

―What a pity!

A. was leaving B. has left

C. left D. leaves(2006年徐州市)

2. The village is building a school. I hope it______before August this year.

A. finishes B. will finish

C. is finished D. will be finished(2006年江西省)

3. ―A latest China Daily, please!

―Only one copy left. Would you like to have______ , sir?

A. it B. one

C. this D. that(2006年滨州市)

4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it______be very slow.

A. should B. must

C. will D. can(2006年苏州市)

Key: 1. C2. D3. A4. D

三､ it 代替上文中提到过的整个事情｡例如:

It was hard work to pick apples, but they really enjoyed it. 摘苹果是个苦活,可他们都乐意去干｡

[试题精选]

1. Ted’s mother kept telling Ted not to tell lies, but______ didn’t help.

A. which B. it

C. she D. he(2006年杭州市)

2. ―Must I finish that work today?

―No, you______ . You may finish it in three days.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t

C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t(2006年徐州市)

Key: 1. B2. B

四､ it 指代说话人自己也弄不清楚的人｡这种 it 常在打电话或敲门时用｡例如:

―Who was it? 是谁(打来的电话)呀?

―This is Mary speaking. 我是玛丽｡

―Was it Susan? 是苏珊吗?

―Yes, it was. 是的,我就是苏珊｡

―Who is it knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?

―Me. 是我｡

[试题精选]

―Look! It______be Jack on the playground.

―It______be him, because I saw him enter the school library just now.

A. must, mustn’t B. can, can’t

C. may, mustn’t D. must, can’t(2006年孝感市)

Key: D

五､ 回答主语为指示代词的特殊疑问句时,可用 it 指物,也可用 it 指人｡例如:

―Who’s that? 那人是谁?

―Is it Kate? 是凯特吗?

―Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Kate. 是的,我想你说对了,是凯特｡

[试题精选]

―John, someone in your class phoned you this morning.

―Oh, who was______ ?

A. he B. he C. it D. that(2006年江西省)

Key: C

六､ it 用来指代时间､距离和自然现象等｡例如:

It’s summer in Australia now. 现在澳大利亚是夏天｡

It’s half an hour’s walk from my home to the school. 从我家到学校步行得花半个小时的时间｡

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white. 有时天下雪,大地一片雪白｡

Look at the rain! It’s heavy, isn’t it?芽 看这场雨!下得很大,是吗?

[试题精选]

1. It______ten years since we last______in Beijing.

A. was, met B. has been, met

C. was, meet D. is, meet(2006年河北省)

2. ―Could you tell me______to go to Hainan by air?

―Just a minute, please. I have to check my computer.

A. how much does it cost B. how much did it cost

C. how much it cost D. how much it costs(2006年泰州市)

3. ―What will you do if it______tomorrow?

―I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.

A. rain B. rains

C. will rain D. is raining(2006年苏州市)

4. It is over______from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.

A. three hours’ drive B. three hour’s drive

C. three hours’ drives D. three hours drive(2006年河北省)

Key: 1. B2. D3. B4. A

[it 中考热点句式聚焦]

句式1. “It’s time to do sth./It’s time for sth.”意为“该干……了;到……的时候了”｡例如:

It’s time to have supper. It’s time for supper. It’s time for us to have supper. 该吃晚饭了｡

句式2. “It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句(谓语动词用一般过去时).”意为“自从……以来已过了……(时间段)”｡例如:

It’s three years since he came here. It has been three years since he came here. (=He has been here for three years.)他来这里已经三年了｡

句式3. It + is/was + 形容词 + for/of sb+动词不定式短语｡例如:

It’s very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了｡

It’s important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的｡

在此句式中,是用介词 for 还是用介词 of,主要取决于形容词的性质｡如果表语是 difficult, easy, important, necessary, natural,safe, common, normal, hard, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant, dangerous 等描绘整个动词不定式动作的形容词,则在形容词后面用 for;如果表语是 kind, good, nice, clever, bad, brave, careless, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, naughty, polite, stupid, wise, wrong 等描述动词不定式动作主体的性格､品质的形容词,则在形容词后面用 of｡

句式4. It’s +(a/an)+ 名词 + 动词不定式短语｡例如:

It’s a good habit to get up early and go to bed early. 早睡早起是个好习惯｡

It’ll be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球将会很有趣的｡

句式5. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式/动名词/从句｡例如:

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的｡

We think it no good reading in bed. 我们认为躺在床上看书无益处｡

I think it necessary that we have the meeting. 我认为开这个会是必要的｡

注意:此句式中的 it 为形式宾语,其中的宾语补足语可由形容词､名词､动名词和动词不定式等充当｡

句式6. It + is/was + 形容词 + 从句｡例如:

It’s true that he may fall behind the other students. 真的,他很可能会落后于其他同学｡

It is strange that he should say so. 他居然这么说,真是奇怪｡

注意:此句式中的 it 为形式主语,后面的从句才是真正的主语｡

句式7. “It + is /was + one’s turn(duty, pleasure) + to do sth”意为“该轮到某人做某事了”｡例如:

It’s your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了｡

句式8. “It takes(sb)some time to do sth”意为“(某人)花多长时间做某事”｡例如:

It took me a week to finish reading the book. 我花一周时间看完了这本书｡

句式9. “It costssome money to do sth”意为“某人花多少钱做某事”｡例如:

It cost me 180 yuan to buy the new watch. 我花了180元买了这块新手表｡

句式10. “It seems /seemed + 从句”意为“看起来好像……”｡例如:

It seems that he is ill. 看起来他好像病了｡

注意:上面这个句式可以转换成“主语 + seem + 动词不定式”｡如上句可以改为: He seems to be ill.

句式11. “It is said(reported, thought, hoped)that...”意为“据说(报道,认为,希望)……”｡例如:

It is said that he has come to Beijing. 据说他已经来到了北京｡

注意:此句式中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句｡

句式12. “It looks/seems as if...” 意为“看起来好像……”｡例如:

It looks as if he is ill. 他看上去好像病了｡

注意:此句式中的 it 无意义｡ as if 引导一个表语从句｡如果与事实不相符合, as if 从句中用虚拟语气(系动词一律用 were)｡例如:

It looks as if he were ill. 他看上去好像病了｡(实际上没有生病)

[热点试题精练]

Ⅰ. 从A､B､C､D中选择正确答案｡

1. We find______ impossible to get there before 8:00 o’clock.

A. her B. it C. this D. that(2005年甘肃省)

2. I think______ our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.

A. that B. this C. it D. one(2005年海南省)

3. I can’t find the pen I was given. Have you seen______ ?

A. it B. one C. this D. that(2006年徐州市)

4. Your digital watch is quite nice. Where did you buy______? I want to buy______, too.

A. one; one B. it; it

C. it; one D. one; it(2006年天津市)

5. It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about______of the gravity on earth.

A. three-eighths B. third-eighth

C. three-eights D. third-eight(2006年苏州市)

6. It’s a good habit______breakfast every day.

A. had B. have C. has D. to have(2006年陕西省)

7.______ is wrong to copy other students’ homework.

A. This B. That C. It D. There(2005年西宁市)

8. ―Why did______ take Aunt Alice almost an hour to get home?

―I don’t know. Maybe there was something wrong with her car.

A. that B. it C. she D. this(2005年广州市)

Ⅱ. 句型转换

1. It’s time for class.

It’s time__________________ .(北京市)

2. We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday.

It____________ twenty minutes____________ the room yesterday.

(哈尔滨市)

3. She seems to be worried now.

____________that she______ worried now.(南京市)

4. It’s a long time since we met last.

We haven’t seen each other____________.(河北省)

5. I have learned English for three years.

It is three years______I______to learn English.(重庆市)

6. All of us found to work out the maths problem was difficult.

All of us found______difficult to work out the maths problem.

(黑龙江省)

Key: Ⅰ. 1. B2. C3. A4. C5. A6. D7. C8. B

Ⅱ. 1. to, have, classes2. took, us; to, clean3. It, seems; is

4. for, long5. since; began6. it