谈谈一般过去时

一般过去时是动词的一种重要时态｡下面我们以问答的形式来谈一谈一些与之有关的问题｡

问:什么是一般过去时?

答:一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作｡例如:

My mother got up at five yesterday. 昨天我母亲五点钟起床｡

Liu Mei always went to school by bike last year. 去年刘梅总是骑自行车去上学｡

Her mother was ill last night. 昨天夜里她母亲病了｡

问:一般过去时是如何构成的?

答:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,动词 be 的过去式为 was， were｡它的一般过去时的构成模式为“主语+ was/were +其他成分”｡主语为第一､第三人称单数时用 was， 主语为其他人称及复数时用 were｡例如:

Mr Smith was a teacher before he came to China. 来中国之前史密斯先生是一位教师｡

They were in Beijing last week. 上星期他们在北京｡

实义动词的一般过去时的构成模式为“主语+动词的过去式+其他成分”｡实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化｡例如:

Li Hong came to school at 7?押00 this morning. 今天早上李红七点钟到校｡

The students of Class Two went to the Great Wall last Sunday. 上星期天二班的同学到长城去了｡

问:实义动词的过去式变化有哪些规律?

答:实义动词过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种｡

动词过去式的规则构成方法:

1) 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,即可构成过去式｡例如: looklooked, watchwatched 等;

2) 以e结尾的动词,只在末尾加-d,即可构成过去式｡例如: likeliked, hopehoped, decidedecided 等;

3) 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词变为过去式时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed｡例如: plan(计划)planned, stopstopped 等;

4) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词变为过去式时,先将“y”变为“i”,再加-ed｡例如:carrycarried, worryworried, studystudied等｡

5) 以“元音字母 + y”结尾的动词变为过去式时,可以直接在词尾加-ed｡例如:playplayed, staystayed 等｡

不规则动词的过去式没有一定的构成规律｡同学们需要逐个记忆｡

问:一般过去时的否定句和疑问句是如何构成的?

答:动词 be 的否定句构成模式为“主语+was/were+not+其他成分”， was not 可缩略为 wasn’t， were not 可缩略为 weren’t｡一般疑问句的构成模式为“Was/Were+主语+其他成分?”｡例如:

His father was not?穴wasn’t) at home yesterday. (否定句)

Was his father at home yesterday?芽 (一般疑问句)

实义动词的否定句的构成模式为“主语 + didn’t + 动词原形+其他成分”;一般疑问句的构成模式为“Did + 主语 + 动词原形+其他成分?”;特殊疑问句的构成模式为“疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形+其他成分?”,但当疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,主语和谓语则应按照自然顺序排列｡例如:

They played football yesterday afternoon.(肯定句)

They didn’t play football yesterday afternoon.(否定句)

Did they play football yesterday afternoon?(一般疑问句)

When did they play football?(特殊疑问句)

Who played football yesterday afternoon?(特殊疑问句)

问:与一般过去时连用的时间状语有哪些?

答:与一般过去时连用的时间状语可以是单词,也可以是短语或从句｡常见的有以下几种:

1. yesterday 及由其构成的短语｡例如: yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上), the day before yesterday(前天)等｡

2. “last + 表示时间的名词”构成的短语｡例如: last week(上周), last year(去年), last summer(去年夏天)等｡

3. “时间段 + ago”构成的短语｡例如: a moment ago(刚才), an hour ago(一小时前), five days ago(五天前)等｡

4. “介词 + 表示时间的名词”构成的短语｡例如: in 1987 (在1987年), on the morning of October 10 (在10月10日的上午)等｡

5. 其他一些词或短语: then(那时), just now(刚才), once(从前)等｡

[练习]

Ⅰ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空｡

1. Tom ________ (buy) a new bike the day before yesterday.

2. ―What day________(be) it yesterday?

―It________(be) Friday.

3. He________(leave) here half an hour ago.

4. We often________(play) games last term.

5. She________(give) me a book a moment ago.

6. The girl________(go) to bed late last night.

7. They________(take) some photos in the park an hour ago.

8. He________(not watch) TV yesterday evening.

9. ―Why________(be) the boy late for school?

―Because he________(get) up late.

10. Mr Green________(come) to China last month.

11. The teacher________(agree) to our idea yesterday.

12. He said he________?穴be) hungry.

13. The boss________(make) them work twelve hours a day last year.

14. I________(meet) him in the library two hours ago.

15. She________(write) her address on the blackboard ten minutes ago.

Ⅱ. 按括号内的要求改写下列各句｡每空填一词｡

1. I was at home this morning.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)

________________at home this morning?________,________________.

2. He did morning exercises this morning.(改为否定句)

He________________________________________this morning.

3. They had a meeting yesterday.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)

________________________________ a meeting yesterday?________,________________.

4. My father went to America by plane.(对划线部分提问)

________________your father________to America?

5. How did you like Shanghai?(改为同义句)

________________________________________________________ Shanghai?

Key:

Ⅰ. 1. bought2. was, was3. left4. played5. gave6. went

7. took8. didn’t watch9. was, got10. came11. agreed

12. was13. made14. met15. wrote

Ⅱ. 1. Were, you, No, I, wasn’t2. didn’t, do, morning, exercises

3. Did, they, have, Yes, they, did4. How, did, go

5. What, did, you, think, of