定语从句关系词考查热点透析
时间：2022-04-28 09:58:23
定语从句是中学语法的难点,也是历年高考的焦点，主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)；由whose, where, that, as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句等。
热点一：关系代词与关系副词的选用
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,________ it will keep for two or three weeks．
A.when
B.which
C.where
D.while
分析 答案C。此处定语从句中用关系副词where做状语，相当于in which。
例2 (2011年福建卷)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.who
分析 答案A。此处定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词。
例3 (2011年山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________ are built close to each other．
A.they
B.where
C.what
D.that
分析 答案D。此处定语从句中缺少主语,所以选关系代词。
例4 (2011年陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A.which
B.where
C.who
D.that
分析 答案B。此处非限制性定语从句中缺少状语,所以选关系副词where。
例5 (2011年江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________ the audience can buy icecream.
A.when
B.where
C.that
D.which
分析 答案A。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处先行词an interval表示“间断”,指时间，且关系副词when在定语从句中做状语。
【考点剖析】
在定语从句中,关系代词和关系副词的选用,并非完全由先行词来决定,而是由关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分来决定。一般说来,关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中可以做主语或宾语,whom做宾语，关系代词做宾语时有时可以省略； 而关系副词when, where, why 只能用做时间、地点和原因状语。例如：
I walked into the garden, where the two boys were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
In an hour, we can travel to places which would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
热点二：关系代词whose 的选用
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年海南卷)The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.
A.that
B.which
C.whose
D.what
分析 答案C。此处关系代词whose在从句中充当定语。
例2 (2011年四川卷)The school shop,________ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays．
A.which
B.whose
C.when
D.where
分析 答案B。此处定语从句中,关系代词whose在从句中做定语。
【考点剖析】
whose 和his, her, their等形容词性的物主代词,尽管在意义上相近,但是whose在定语从句中做定语,修饰其后的名词,表示“……的”,不可以用his, her, their等物主代词来代替。以上三题虽然选项设置差异较大,但是考点相同。再如：
Don’t get too close to the temple whose roof is under repair.
热点三：“介词+which/ whom”结构
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of________ she spoke fluently.
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.that
分析 答案C。此处“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词指代上文提到的几种语言,所以用which。
奇迹有时候是会发生的，但是你得为之拼命蒂努力。（魏茨曼）
例2 (2011年江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than there years.
A.for which
B.with which
C.of which
D.to which
分析 答案C。此处用of which表示所属关系。
【考点剖析】
在定语从句中, 能用于 “介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词只有whom (指人)和which (指物)。我们要注意这种结构中介词的来源和选用。再如：
My sister was educated at Nanjing University, after which she went on to have her advanced study abroad．
热点四：非限制性定语从句中which 的选用
【高考真题】
例1 (2010年全国Ⅰ卷)As a child, Jack studied in a village school,________ is named after his grandfather．
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.that
分析 答案A。此处非限制性定语从句中充当主语的要用which,指代先行词a village school。
例2 (2009年山东卷)Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile．
A.who
B.which
C.when
D.that
分析 答案B。题干中插入的是逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句,which指代的是主句的情况。
【考点剖析】
非限制性定语从句的一个典型判断标志是从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,它只是先行词的附加说明,省去后不会影响主句的表达。在非限制性定语从句中,通常不用that来引导，只能用which来引导。当然,做定语的要用whose, 指人的要用who/whom。再如：
His brother passed the test, which surprised everybody present.
热点五：考查定语从句中插入语的使用
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年北京卷)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,________, of course, made all the others upset.
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.that
分析 答案B。此处非限制性定语从句which made all the others upset中加了插入语of course。
【考点剖析】
利用插入语来干扰学生对关系词的选择,增加了试题的难度。我们在解题时要将插入于去掉来思考。再如：
Mary won the competition again, which, of course, made the others envy her.
热点六：考查先行词为situation, case, point等后面关系词的选用
【高考真题】
例1 (2009年福建卷)It’s helpful to put children in a situation________ they can see themselves differently.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
分析 答案D。此处定语从句中的先行词是situation,且关系词在定语从句中做状语,所以选where。
例2 (2009年浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own．
A.which
B.where
C.how
D.why
分析 答案B。此处定语从句中的先行词是point,且关系词在定语从句中做状语,所以选where。
【考点剖析】
situation, case, point等先行词看起来并不表示地点,容易被不少学生误认为是事物,而错用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。
There is no such thing as darkness; only a failure to see. (Muggeridge)
巩
固
练
习
1.Yesterday, we traveled to places________ would be very attractive in the past.
A.where
B.when
C.which
D.what
2.I walked in our garden,________ some friends of mine were playing cards.
A.which
B.when
C.where
D.that
3.―Anything to say for yourselves？
―Yes, there’s one point________ we must insist on.
A.why
B.where
C.how
D./
4.Be careful! Don’t climb the house________ roof is under repair.
A.whose
B.which
C.of which
D.what
5.Last month, part of YunNan province was struck by the earthquake, from________ effects the people are still suffering.
A.that
B.whose
C.those
D.what
6.The Stone Group,________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Tokoyo．
A.what
B.that
C.how
D.as
7.Steven passed the driving test,________ surprised everyone in his company.
A.which
B.that
C.this
D.it
8.There were about 60 students________ computer in the training center, most________were from Shandong．
A.study; of whom
B.study; of them
C.studying; of them
D. studying; of whom
9.I was given four magazines on fashion, the first________ I really enjoyed.
A.of that
B.of which
C.that
D.which
10.Maria often praised her daughter in public, , of course, made the others unhappy．
A.who
B.which
C.this
D.what
11.Going to the small island off the main land has many problems,________ getting food supplies is not the least．
A.for which
B.to which
C.of which
D.in which
12.________might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed．
A.As
B.That
C.It
D.What
13.The only thing________ is wrong with this what my brother said to me the other day．
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.where
14.The total cultivated area is 13,000 acres, 10,000 acres are irrigated fields．
A.which
B.of which
C.in that
D.of that
15.The time is not far away________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside．
A.as
B.when
C.until
D.before
16.An investigation was made into the accident, fifty people were killed．
A.in which
B.where
C.when
D.for that
没有黑暗这种东西，只有看不见而已。（马格里奇）
17.Language is a city, to the building of________ every human being brought a stone．
A.which
B.that
C.it
D.this
18.The residents,________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross．
A.all their homes
B.all whose homes
C.all of whose homes
D.all of their homes
19.As________ announced in today’s papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays．
A.being
B.is
C.to be
D.been
20.The course normally attracts 20 students per year, up to half________ will be from overseas．
A.in which
B.for whom
C.with which
D.of whom
21.One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon,________ is located in northwestern Arizona．
A.there
B.where
C.that
D.which
22.In each house there is a family group of men, are related to each other．
A.all who
B.all
C.all of whom
D.of whom
23.Now we can fly to Hong Kong. There was a time________ we had to take a boat．
A.how
B.what
C.why
D.when
24.We grow our own fruit and vegetables,________ saves money, of course．
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.that
25.New York is famous for its skyscrapers,________ has more than 100 story’s．
A.the highest
B.the highest of that
C.the highest of which
D.the highest of them
26.Do you think the reason________ he gave is believable？
A.for which
B.which
C.what
D.why
27.Gulliver’s Travels is a satire(讽刺作品) by Jonathan Swift,________ was a famous writer of the 18th century．
A.that
B.whom
C.who
D.as
28.He was not such a man________ would leave his work half done．
A.who
B.whom
C.as
D.that
29.Men and horses________ were killed there were innumerable．
A.who
B.which
C.that
D.whom
30.There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck, out of________ open mouth the tea was supposed to come．
A.which
B.its
C.that
D.whose
【答案与解析】
1.C 定语从句中缺少主语,所以选关系代词。
2.C 先行词garden表示地点,关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语。
3.D 关系代词引导定语从句且在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
4.A 此处whose roof相当于the roof of which。
5.B 此处whose effects是指effects of the earthquake。
6.D 本题考查定语从句。此处用as引导的非限制性定语从句。
7.A 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词which做主语,指代整个主句。
8.D 第一空是现在分词做后置定语；第二空是定语从句,关系代词whom做most of 的宾语。
9.B 本题考查定语从句。本句中the first与前句的three books 构成从属关系,因此用of来表示。
10.B 题中是which 在非限制性定语从句中做主语,且都有插入语of course。
11.C 这是一个常见的非限制性的定语从句,根据先行词problems和引导词which之间的意思,逻辑上的关系,可知应用介词of。
12.A 若选B或C,前后两个句子之间缺泛连词,不成立。D项也不能用来连接前后两句。选用关系代词as构成一个置于主句之前的非限制性定语从句。
13.C 先行词thing前的修饰语为only, 所以定语从句用that来引导。
Time is a bird for ever on the wing. (T. W. Robertson)
14.B 1000 acres是1300acres 之中的一部分,所以是从属关系,应用介词of, 而介词后面只可以用which, 不可以用that。
15.B the time作先行词,所以引导定语从句的关系副词用when。
16.A the accident是先行词,应该是in the accident,所以引导非限制性定语从句的which前要加介词in。
17.A 本句是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词用which。
18.C 此句为一个非限制性定语从句,而且在定语从句中起修饰homes的所有格的作用,所以用whose。
19.B 此题是一个非限制性的定语从句,应用谓语动词is announced。
20.D whom引导定语从句修饰students。
21.D which 引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中做主语。
22.C all of whom引导非限制性定语从句修饰men。
23.D a time 表示时间,所以要用关系副词when引导定语从句。
24.B 本句为非限制性定语从句,which 引导定语从句代替前面整个句子。
25.C which引导非限制性定语从句。
26.B reason 作为先行词,做give 的宾语,所以用which。
27.C Jonathan Swift 为先行词,是一个人,所以用who。
28.C 本题为such…as引导定语从句。
29.C 先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that。
30.D teapot 为先行词, mouth 和teapot 是所属关系,所以mouth前应加一个表示所有格的关系代词。
