Research on Cultural Conflicts and Countermeasures in Cross-cultural communicati

Abstract. With the advance of globalization, cultural exchanges between countries and nations are increasing, but because of many differences between culture and development environment, geographical environment, social environment, People both will differ in many aspects of language, behavior, ideology and way of thinking in cross-cultural communication, and there will be corresponding cultural conflict. This paper focuses on the conflict between in the process of Chinese and western cultural exchange, and analyzes the cause of cultural conflict and countermeasures, so as to promote cross-cultural communication activities carried out smoothly.

Key words: cross-cultural communication; cultural conflict; difference; countermeasure.

With the increasing openness degree of our country, the cultural exchanges and the permeability between countries have been increasing. The show of cultural is closely linked in habits and ideology, which often affect people's world view, values view. Because of the difference of culture, all countries and peoples in the communication process have the inevitable misunderstanding and conflict, may eventually lead to the intensification of the contradictions among people, and affect the harmony of the whole human society. So how to understand all aspects of communication language, communication methods, food culture and other culture characteristics has become an important research subject in the cross-cultural exchange activities. This paper will analyze the conflicts in intercultural communication from several parts, and further discusses the factors of cultural conflict and put forward reasonable solutions.

1. The reflected on culture conflict in cross cultural communication

If take one cultural individual as the research object, we can understand that religious beliefs, social background, human geography and other aspects of cultural factors by the individual, but also can analyze the way of communication, language characteristics, behavior and other aspects of the cultural characteristics of expression. Individual in different cultural regions has obvious differences in communication methods, language expression, time concept and other aspects, so there are inevitable conflicts in the process of cross-cultural communication.

1.1 The conflict in psychology

In general, an individual has the unique superiority and friendliness for their cultural characteristics, and reject or resist foreign culture. In fact, it is not to say that there are drawbacks in the foreign culture, can only explain that humans have been accepted in the first of the inherent culture in-depth and difficult to form coordination with foreign culture, it will produce certain conflict. For example, both cross culture in the process of signing the agreement, some conflicts exist in the terms of development and cooperation conditions. Moreover, because of the influence of psychological factors, the intercultural communication exist some conflicts in the related language understanding, and final result of contradictions is unhappy for both part of intercultural communication. The difference in psychological and concept awareness is often a key factor to cause the conflict in cross cultural communication, if both sides can accept each other's culture and learn, focus on communication method, the conflict of communication will be gone.

1.4 Conflict in dress culture

Western people grew to accept the open education, and Chinese prefer to Confucianism, which also makes Chinese thought more conservative. Oriental women generally advocate " curvaceous " , cheongsam dress more popular, but also pay more attention to decent clothes, especially for married women, dressed in the choice should be careful, if the dress is too exposed, will be considered to engage in improper job. But western women love show "sexy", and more confident and assertive, love show hers advantages, such as western women will choose some bare clothes to show their plump and sexy body, and western women in clothes are free, not by the ethical constraints.

2. The cause of cultural conflict in cross-cultural communication.

2.1 Differences in values and cultural background

The conflict in intercultural communication is mainly from the cultural background and values of the two sides. For the profound cultural accumulation of China, Confucianism is been advocating, while Confucianism of main show characteristic is unassuming, and in the exchange process, Chinese will look at the questions stand in the perspective of other people. While western culture reflects the modern characteristics, of which more is to show the importance of the individual, in the exchange and communication process, they consider also the individual as the center, and take personal value as the leading position. And Confucian culture advocates the kindheartedness, whose core is to establish a caring relationship between people, and the study is about the relationship between people, and in which there is a moral hierarchy, such as the younger generation meet the elders, they need to salute and take the initiative to greet, and Confucian culture for the wife had special rules as three principles and five virtues, ethics morality is the basic criterion for Chinese communication. But for westerners, hierarchy is not obvious, and there embodies equality between people, and law is the behavior criterion for western communication, the interests of individual value in western culture is often not easy to be ignored.

In addition, in the aspect of values, there are differences between individualism and collectivism value, some western countries attach importance to individual value, but some Oriental countries think collective value higher than the value of the individual, so conflict is not easy to be control in the process of communication

2.2 The difference of thinking mode

Because of the differences of environment and cultural development, there are differences for cultural individual in thinking, as well as the view of things. The different mode of thinking is bound to bring interference in intercultural communication to some extent, also can cause the misunderstanding in language communication. In objective sense, Westerners pay attention to logical analysis, and look at things more rational. But the Oriental thinking mode will show a holistic, relatively speaking, there is a perceptual thinking. Rational thinking reflects the direct and decisive, for impossible things, Westerners usually directly show refusal attitude, but the Oriental people will in a roundabout way, implicit and Euphemism to refuse.

3. countermeasures of the conflict in cross-cultural communication.

3.1 Building correct concept in cross cultural communication

Culture is not only the equation, a correct solution; culture is not blood, in accordance with the needs of matching to integration; culture can mutually penetrate by learning, then influence each other, finally able to coordinate development. In today's world of different cultural dialogue has been more common, and promote a world multicultural exchange and infiltration, and is also promoting the development of human civilization, but there are the conflicts and contradictions unavoidably in intercultural communication and infiltration, and there is great difficulty to fuse this kind of conflict, the diverse cultures has unique characteristics. In order to resolve the obstacles and conflicts in cross cultural exchange activities, we must try to shape cultural idea correctly in the intercultural communication, which can be derived from the "the third culture".

Of course, "the third culture" needs to get recognized for both sides in the cross cultural communication, and contains both cultural characteristics. "The third culture" creation is intended to find the "fit" of cross cultural exchanges between two sides, which can achieve the best communication. Access to "third culture" communication skills need to have certain characteristics, such as a sense of humor and self-confidence, but also requires good flexibility, in the exchange process, but also to maintain tolerance, peaceful, so that not only can create a harmonious communication atmosphere, but also conducive to culture individual for other cultural study and penetration.

3.2 Strengthen the multicultural learning, and enhance the ability of culture adaptation

There is certain impact inevitably between culture and culture, in the mutual penetration and integration process will also exist conflict, difficult to avoid, which requires both in intercultural communication have certain positive initiative, such as actively through modern information channels to understand each other's culture. As a cultural individual, cannot be contained by local culture too much, but be good at understanding multi-culture, and enhance the ability of culture adaptation. Along with the Internet technology and the diversification of communication, the communication between the world is no longer difficult, in order to avoid conflict of cultures, both need to maintain a good attitude in cross-cultural communication, but also need to control their emotions, and have the interest to the multi culture, have good communication with other national cultural and individual on the spirit of learning and the purpose of communication.

In fact, there are a variety of learning methods for multi culture, such as reading the relevant literature, watching the movie and television works etc.. In fact, reading cultural works is the best way to understand the different culture, can give people some life experience from the relevant literature, can let people into virtual cultural environments. Through the study of cultural analysis the people can promote the individual in the process of cultural exchange, pay attention to body language and communication, to master certain word skills, which can resolve the misunderstanding and contradiction of cross-cultural exchanges between the two sides.

4. Conclusion

To sum up, there are some differences between different cultures, cultural differences lead to cultural and individual differences in language communication and nonverbal communication, but there are also significant differences in awareness and understanding of language communication aspect, it is due to these factors finally resulting in existing some conflict in cross cultural communication. In my opinion, the conflict of cross cultural communication between the two sides lies in the psychological factors, as long as the two parties of communication can open their hearts, and accept the penetration and spreading culture, and know how to hold, keep tolerant, peaceful to expand exchanges, so conflicts in intercultural exchanges between the two sides will be smoothly done or easily solved.

References

[1] The Problem of Broad and Narrow Context in Cross-cultural Communication Luan HONG Cross-cultural Communication 2010-1

[2] Forging ahead in cross-cultural communication Briggs, William Communication World 2009-6