玩转直升机

时间:2022-10-30 12:05:05

关于直升机,一些不和谐的声音常常出现在耳畔:“我不是特别喜欢直升机,因为它不如固定翼飞机好驾驶;而且它飞起来振动剧烈,噪音也大;不仅使用成本高,速度也较低,完全不能给我带来飞行的······”

持这种观点的人有一个最大问题,就是他们试图用固定翼飞机的价值标准去评判直升机。最终的结果是,他们理所当然地忽略了直升机的诸多优势。例如速度慢,假如直升机是用来空中观光或者航拍,这一点无疑就是优势。特别是直升机可以慢到在空中的速度为零,这种优势可以说达到了极限。

说直升机没有飞行,但不一定来自速度,直升机随时可以做上下左右前后的飞行移动,带给人的失重感、漂移感更接近大自然灵活的鸟类。

如果是城市内的飞行、为避开拥堵的街道,固定翼飞机将彻底被排除出局。而直升机则抢占了市内交通的最高点。说到去郊区打高尔夫、野餐,去学校接孩子,做200公里以内的短途旅行,直升机想停就停、想飞就飞,远比固定翼飞机方便得多。

所以,你真的懂了直升机的玩法吗?倘若尚有疑问,可在本专辑寻找剩下的答案。

成为坐直升机上班的都市大亨

在美国地产大亨唐纳德·特朗普主持的真人秀《飞黄腾达》片头中,他乘坐自己的私人直升机空降在纽约曼哈顿高层写字楼上,在螺旋桨的气流中从容走出,直接步入节目录制现场。这种范儿,把直升机大亨们的风度、神韵描绘得淋漓尽致。

这就是坐着直升机上班的人特有的气质,任你堵得山哭海啸,他依然闲庭信步、落落大方。而在纽约,拥有私人直升机的大亨小亨一共超过2000名,各种高层建筑屋顶上都设计了停机坪。像唐纳德·特朗普一样,许多富贾、政要和明星经常乘坐直升机降落在城市里。如此一来,他们可以避开公开行踪和公共场合不必要的交谈,有利地保护了个人隐私。例如汤姆·克鲁斯和凯蒂·霍尔姆斯离婚的消息喧嚣尘上的那段时间,阿汤出行就经常乘坐私人直升机。

世界上许多大都会行驶飞机的权利和驾驶汽车是一样的,而且以纽约为例,你可以在任何时间飞去城里的每个地方,完全不需要政府部门批准;而且有权使用任何民用机场,并以先到者先得为原则抢占停机位。政府的职能仅仅是提供一些飞行调度和导航。

以上信息告诉我们,直升机未来很可能会占领大城市的天空。特别是像北京、上海这类巨大而拥堵的大都会。其实在北京的七星酒店、CCTV大楼、鹏润大厦、北京电视台大楼、国贸三期等高层建筑上都有停机坪,但因为北京目前还不允许私人直升机在四环以内飞行,它们暂时还派不上用场。不过随着空域越来越开放,在深圳、广州、上海甚至北京,大亨们坐着直升机从容降落在摩天大厦的场景应该不会太遥远。

驾驶直升机去上班

Susan Larson,美国99S国际女飞行员组织前任主席、直升机驾驶员

我经常驾驶直升机往返于我公司的厂区所在地太阳河谷(Sun River)和我在加州圣何塞(San Jose)的家,这两地公路距离大约700多公里。幸亏有直升机,因为我不想忍受驾车的长途劳累,又不想每天在太阳河谷(Sun River)居住。我是1977年参加俄勒冈州太阳谷的一次商务会议时第一次发现使用直升机的便利的。驾驶汽车在迂回的公路上行驶了一天,到达目的地后,我发现那边的停机坪上有一架刚刚停稳的直升机,从飞机上走下来两个精神抖擞的人。而此刻的我已经被驾驶汽车弄得精疲力竭了。那一刻我下定决心,一定得学习驾驶直升机。而最终的结果是,我发现直升机完全可以成为一种常规交通工具。

机型推荐

安全之选——AW139:阿古斯塔·维斯特兰公司生产的中型双发直升机,有最先进的航电系统、最稳定的飞行控制系统,能提供高品质的飞行体验和可靠的安全保证。对于需要商务私人直升机的人,它绝对是稳健的选择。

豪华之选——EC145梅赛德斯-奔驰设计版:这款直升机与梅赛德斯-奔驰高级设计工作室合作,内部设计的灵感源于梅赛德斯-奔驰系列顶级轿车,采用优质物料、优雅的木质结构和舒适的舱内照明,具备多功能的存储空间,是一款典型的大老板豪华之选。

开着直升机去旅行

Akon在检查直升机,他的妻子Marina在准备行李。他们马上要启程前往圣卡塔利娜岛,庆祝他们结婚10周年。这样不长不短的旅行有点尴尬,长途旅行可以乘坐民航,市内交通可以开车,但Akon和Marina到达这次出行的目的地需要数个小时车程,而且还需乘船。好在他们是Sierra Sky Park飞行社区的居民,他们有直升机。

在这个社区里,中短途旅行、打高尔夫球、户外烧烤、郊游,这些娱乐生活都触手可及。他们的生活社区半径被扩展到了100公里。在此范围内的行程,就像在社区内行走一样方便。这一点,作为城际交通工具的固定翼飞机无论如何也做不到。特别是在道路崎岖、多山的地区,直升机能以直线距离帮你省很多不必要的车程。

通常这些社区飞友的直升机都是经济适用型的,绝大多数飞机直接就是出厂标准配置,油耗和维护成本相对比较低。

情感的黏合剂

Martha Philips,美国99S国际女飞行员组织现任主席

我经常和丈夫驾驶我们的直升机出去旅行。我们会从美国的西部飞到东海岸,或者从北部飞到南部。起飞前,我们加满航油,带足食品和水,就一直飞,直到飞到航油快枯竭才着陆。不设目的地,就朝着一个方向飞,期待、幻想着下一个着陆点是哪里。飞行过程中,我和丈夫会轮流驾驶直升机。飞行中,我们不会感到枯燥,因为我们很享受俯瞰美国辽阔疆域的感觉。更重要的是,飞行改变了我原本以为不会再有变化的生活模式,也让我扩大了生活的空间以及人脉圈子。我们会经常和爱好飞行的朋友一起驾驶直升机去郊游,直升机不需要机场,一切都简单随意。

机型推荐

最佳之选——EC120:一种面向21世纪的多用途轻型直升机。它采用带有3片高性能复合材料桨叶的主旋翼以及新式低噪声涵道尾桨,安装有性能可靠的大功率发动机以及先进的电子设备,客舱5座布置,非常适合家庭用来出行。

最受欢迎之选——Bell206BIII:有超过6000架该型号的直升机此刻正停留在世界的各个角落。其中许多架的单机飞行小时数超过了3万小时。客舱5座布置,运营和维修保养的成本比同级飞机低,而转卖的价值却比其他轻型直升机更高,是世界上最受欢迎的家庭用直升机之一。

寻找最真实的飞行感

你相信吗?直升机是常规飞行器中最能体现飞翔的一种。

相比固定翼飞机变化飞行方位时的滞后性,直升机能够让人瞬间体验全方位空间——上下左右前后飞行的感觉。手的感觉、力度和动作方向稍有变动,直升机的姿态就会随之变化。直升机这种敏感的“人机联动”特点,正是很多飞行爱好者着迷的飞翔体验。事实上,驾驶直升机的难度比固定翼飞机大得多,在空中的失重感、转向感也比驾驶固定翼飞机更刺激。所以很多人将它视作一件空中的玩具。

一些胆大的玩家为了体验身体在风中飞的感觉,甚至把两边的机门拿掉,整个人尽可能多地和外界接触。而小型直升机体积和重量都很小,对风的反应很大,所以坐在飞机上能充分感受风的存在,体验“飞”的乐趣。用来飞行娱乐的直升机,一定要有很强的驾驶感。它的速度不需要太快,但是发动机的性能要稳定,涡轮轴发动机比活塞式发动机更适合。活塞发动机振动大,控制复杂,而涡轮轴则轻盈、便利。

垂直的征服感

张俊岩,私人飞机玩家,在2011年和2012年,驾驶他的Bell407断断续续环飞了整个美国

玩直升机是我对儿时飞行信念的一种坚持。驾驶飞机伴随着某种不可控的风险,我驾驶直升机曾遇过几次险情,甚至曾迫降过一次,因为临危不乱的心理素质,再加上还算不错的驾驶技巧,都化险为夷。正是这种风险所带来的不确定感和征服感让我欲罢不能。我享受那种身心不再受约束和管制的自由,蓝天白云好不惬意,从空中可以一路俯瞰,一切都渺小如沙砾般地在我脚下,带给我一种垂直的征服感。飞累了,就找个临时停靠点,下了直升机,徜徉在无人踏足的“世外”,抑或徒步于人声喧嚣的闹市,走走看看,用相机记录下当地的风光景色和乡土人情。

机型推荐

新锐之选——施瓦泽300CBI系列:出自直升机制造名门西科斯基公司,采用降低成本的防撞设计,安全性非凡。它具有大功率备用马力、操纵灵活准确的特点,且维修简单、价格实惠,外形也给人灵敏的感觉,绝对是一款私人娱乐飞行的理想佳选。

资深之选——R22:美国罗宾逊直升机公司的双座单发轻型多功能直升机,是目前全球使用最普遍的机型。它保持了在相同重量等级内速度、高度和距离的每一项性能纪录,具有轻巧的机身,灵活的操控,很适合创造飞行体验。

悬浮在天空的眼睛

当游客们前往美国科罗拉多大峡谷时,如果只是站在峡谷峭壁的边缘,会感觉自己到了世界的尽头。如果乘坐一架直升机,下降至1000米左右以下的大峡谷深处,你会发现自己已经穿越了世界尽头,来到了新的星球。这就是新视角的魅力。

同样的体验还发生在肯尼亚,在直升机上看成千上万只角马大迁徙,看鳄鱼在河流中伏击、撕咬成群过河的动物……只有悬浮在空中的这个视角能令你看到大自然最震撼的一面。

许多人总是说直升机速度不快,可世界上有多少飞机能够让自己的速度慢到零呢?除了垂直起降的喷气式战斗机,能做到这一点的只有直升机了。如今在珠穆朗玛峰、新西兰冰川、纽约上空、印度列城、非洲草原、冰岛蓝湖等地,直升机已然成为一项重要的观景、航拍平台。玩转直升机不仅仅是飞,还在于看和拍。

对于观景、航拍的直升机,单发涡轴的直升机可作为首先考虑的对象,而且以前风挡玻璃和侧面玻璃大为宜,以便给乘客足够宽阔的视野。这类直升机的升高高度高、用途广且营运成本低。如果你爱好摄影(像),还可以将直升机改造一下,装上一些摄影(像)的辅助设备。但改造完之后,别忘了到有关部门确认是否需要重新申请一个适航补充认证。

直升机给了我另一只眼

杰森·霍克斯(Jason Hawkes),英国著名航空摄影师

乘坐直升机在一座城市的上空穿梭,你会发现它不再是你每天工作、生活的那个地方。它时而迷离,时而陌生,时而又能引发你内心的悸动。当帝国大厦沐浴在晨曦时,它比平地上看起来更加挺拔伟岸;当世贸大楼吻别了曼哈顿的最后一线夕阳,它不再像平日那样喧嚣。天空,是一个人类凭借身体的力量无法达到的视角。而直升机却是弥补这一缺憾最好的工具。

机型推荐

安全之选——MD600N:轻型单发涡轮轴直升机。机身设计结构干净利落并结合了空气动力线条的特点,使机身凹入驾驶舱和客舱的可能性大大降低,提高了机组的安全性,号称世界上最安全、最安静的直升机之一,适合在任何寒冷、炎热、陡峭的极端环境、特殊环境的探险和航拍。

性能之选——AS350 B3:一款单发高性能直升机,其强劲的动力、灵活的用途、低采购成本和维护费用,全面领先所有其他6座直升机。AS350 B3标准型还创造了一项历史纪录——成功在珠穆朗玛峰上进行了起降,所以它也是一款适合探险的座驾。

TIPS:直升机观光地TOP5

TOP1 新西兰罗托鲁瓦:在这里,直升机载着你飞越塔拉威拉山,罗托鲁瓦神奇的自然火山景色会毫无保留地展现在你眼下。你还可以在罗托鲁瓦最热的地热公园 “地狱之门”降落,或者在新西兰最活跃的火山白岛降落,感受火山心脏的跳动。

TOP2 巴西伊瓜苏瀑布:比尼加拉瀑布还要好看,水量充沛地像个水龙头。直升机可以让你暂时停滞在令人眼花的瀑布中心“魔鬼之喉”上空。该瀑布早些年被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产,直升机观光的出现也引起了一些争议。

TOP3 夏威夷群岛:直升机可以载你去毛伊岛、考艾岛和大岛,飞越活火山、熔岩地和雨林瀑布。此外,高尔夫爱好者可以乘坐直升机在这里寻觅到钟爱的球场,海滩行走爱好者也可以乘着直升机猎奇自己的胜地。

TOP4 赞比亚维多利亚瀑布:直升机载你去看这个俗称“雷之雾”的瀑布。你可以近距离观察赞比西河勇敢跃入巴托卡峡的景象。当你在赞比西国家公园的上空向下俯瞰时,大象、河马、犀牛、长颈鹿比比皆是。

TOP5 美国阿拉斯加州朱诺:朱诺的冰川虽然在短期内还不会消失,但日渐融化却是不争的事实。直升机可以载你在四个截然不同的浮冰上空盘旋,近距离识别不同种类的冰川,勇敢的话,甚至可以亲身去冰川上体验一把行走的感觉(公司提供特制的冰川行走靴)。

Some people don’t like helicopters, saying they are noisy, slow, costly, hard to pilot, and could not give them the thrill of flying.

The question is, we cannot judge helicopters by the standards of fixed wing aircraft. Because from another perspective, these weaknesses are actually strengths. Helicopters are slow, but that makes them perfect for aerial photography, especially as they can hover. Helicopters are convenient for short trips within 200 miles such as flying over traffic jam, going to golf, or picking up your child. And they give you a thrilling experience not with its speed, but with its flexible movement in all dimensions.

Want to know how to better enjoy helicopters, read on to find out.

At the beginning of Apprentice, American estate magnate Donald Trump steps out of a private helicopter on a Manhattan office building and walks straight to the show. That is how business tycoons enjoy the convenience of helicopters.

In New York where most of the tall buildings have a rooftop ramp, there are more than 2,000 big or small business tycoons who own a helicopter. Businessmen, statesmen, and celebrities often take helicopters in and out of the city for privacy and less public appearance. Tom Cruise for example choose to take his private helicopters when the news of his divorce with Katie Holmes was widely reported.

In most metropolitan cities around the world, you can fly anywhere anytime without applying for permission from the government. It is as casual as driving. You also have the right to use any civil airport on a “first come, first serve” basis. The government only offers navigation and air traffic control.

So it won’t be long before helicopters take over the airspace of congested metropolitan cities like Beijing and Shanghai. In fact, many top buildings in Beijing, including Pangu Plaza, CCTV, Eagle Run Plaza, BTV and WTC are equipped with rooftop ramps, although they are not used due to airspace restriction in the capital city. But the days of business tycoons flying to the big cities are not so far away.

Fly Helicopter to work

Susan Larson, former chairman of U.S. 99S International Organization of Women Pilots, Helicopter pilot

I often fly helicopter between my home in San Jose and my office at Sun River. Helicopter offers a perfect solution to my unwillingness to neither live in Sun River nor drive 700 km between the two cities. I first saw the convenience of helicopter in 1977 when I attended a business meeting in Sun River, Oregon. When I arrived exhausted after a long drive, I saw two men walked down a just landed helicopter looking refreshed and energetic. It is then that I decided to learn helicopter piloting. And now, I find helicopter a very useful commute vehicle.

Travel on a helicopter

Akon is checking on the helicopter while his wife Marina is packing luggage. They are about to take off for Santa Catalina in celebration for their 10th anniversary. It usually takes several hours by drive and ferry to get to there. But thanks to helicopter, they can save a lot of time on the journey.

They live in Sierra Sky Park, a flying community, where residents go to golf, outdoor barbecue or outing on helicopters. With helicopters, a trip within the 100 km radius of the community is as convenient as taking a walk within the community, a feat that can never be achieved by fix-wing aircraft. Especially in mountainous areas, helicopters can save a lot of trouble.

To save operating and maintenance cost, most of the residents fly standard configured helicopters.

I fly, I conquer

Zhang Junyan: Private flyer who flew all over U.S. on his Bell407 in 2011 and 2012.

Flying a helicopter is my childhood dream. But it comes with risks, I encountered several dangerous situations and an emergency landing once, but I survived with good skills and a calm mind. But it is just this uncertainty and sense of conquering that bonds me to flying. I enjoy the freedom of body and soul while flying among the clouds under the blue sky. It feels like I have conquered the miniature world beneath me. If I am exhausted, I would land a at an interim ramp, take a walk in the wild or in the bustling streets of a city, viewing and recording natural sceneries or local customs.

Adding Color to Life

Martha Philips, President of 99s International Organization of Women Pilots

My husband and I often go to travel by helicopter. We would fly from the east coast to the west or from the north to the south. With a filled tank and enough food and water, we would keep flying until we are about to run out of fuel. We do not set destinations so we always look forward to the next surprise. We take turns to fly. And we never get bored, because we enjoy looking down to the vast terrains of the country. Most importantly, flying changed my once monotonous life and expanded my social network. Today, we often fly to picnic with friends who shared the interest. It is quite convenient as it does not require an airport for take-off and landing.

Experience an Adrenaline Rush

Among all aircrafts, helicopters gives you the best adrenaline rush.

Unlike on a fixed aircraft where aircraft movement lags behind operation, on a helicopter, you can immediately feel the movement of flight. A slight change in force or direction, the helicopter would not be able to keep its position. This sensitiveness is what attracts flying enthusiasts. In fact, it is harder to pilot a helicopter that to fly a fixed wing aircraft. The loss of gravity and sense of direction makes it even more thrilling.

Some daring fliers would remove the gates on both side of a helicopter to feel the direct contact with air. On a light and small helicopter sensitive to the force of wing, you would feel the real fun of flying. Helicopters for sport flight do not need to be fast, but they must be stable, to which purpose, the lighter turboshaft engine is better than more complex and vibrant pistol engine.

A New Perspective

Jason Hawkes, Renowned British Ariel Photographer

Looking from a helicopter, the city seems no longer the familiar place I live or work in. Basked in the morning light, the Empire State Building is taller than viewed on the ground. At sunset, the World Trade Center is more serene than it is at day time. Helicopters give people an unique perspective from the sky that could not be reached on our own.

Sightseeing on a helicopter

If you stand at the edge of the Great Canyon, you would feel like you are at the end of the world. But if you take a helicopter down 1,000 km, you will find yourself on a new planet.

Or if you want to witness the migration of tens of thousands of gnu and the attack of crocodiles in Kenya, a bird’s view on a hovering helicopter will help you fully appreciate the most breathtaking aspect of nature.

Apart from fighters, helicopter is by far the only vertical take-off and landing vehicle. In places like Mount Everest, New Zealand, New York, India, Africa, or Iceland Blue Lagoon, helicopter tour has become the new fad. The enjoyment of helicopter lies not only in flying, but also in sightseeing and photo taking.

Single turbo-shaft engine helicopters with a big windshield or cockpit window is recommended for sightseeing and ariel photography, because they can operate at a high altitude at a low cost. If you love photography, you can attach more shooting equipments, just remember check with relevant authorities if that requires further airworthiness certification.

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