街舞狂飙 第8期

Breakdancing or B-boying is a dynamic style of dance that emerged in New York in the 1970's. In the 1980s it received widespread media attention and was popularized by musicians, such as Michael Jackson. In the late 1990s, it experienced a revival proving that it is a lasting art form and an integral part of hip hop culture. B-boying is a unique and very acrobatic form of dancing which, today, is no longer confined to the realms of urban African-American culture but has spread its influence into mainstream popular culture around the world.

街舞，又称“B-boying”，是一种在20世纪70年代始于纽约的活力舞蹈。在20世纪80年代，它受到了媒体的广泛关注并被迈克尔・杰克逊等音乐人推广开来。到了20世纪90年代晚期，它历经了一次复兴，证明了它是一种持久的艺术形式并且是嘻哈文化中不可或缺的一部分。街舞是一种独特而又非常讲究特技的舞蹈形式，如今，它不再仅仅局限于都市非裔美国人的文化圈，而是在世界各地的主流流行文化中，都扩大了其影响力。

History

The South Bronx, in New York City, is the home of breakdancing. The original pioneers of breakdancing were young African-American and Hispanic males who belonged to New York's poorer sections. The style of dancing was influenced by hip hop music, Chinese Kung Fu films and an Afro-Brazilian martial art dance called capoeira. Many of these young men were members of street gangs and their interest in martial arts was a big factor in the development of breakdancing. Some of the moves they would make when fighting ①translated easily into dance moves when in nightclubs. This explains why breakdancing today is a very aggressive type of dance with dancers competing against each other in 'battles'.

There is a legend that a man named Jesto Vieira, who was a master of capoiera, was performing in New York in the seventies. He met the members of the hip hop group Rock Steady Crew (the most enduringly famous being 'Crazylegs') and taught them some capoiera moves. The Rock Steady Crew were influenced by this and created a new form of dancing called b-boying. This story cannot be verified but it is true that both types of dances have striking similarities.

B-boying is the original term used for breakdancing and is still used by many of its practitioners today. 'Breakdance' was a term that was made popular in the eighties and is the term that this type of dancing is most commonly known by around the world. There are two possible reasons for the use of this word. The word 'break', according to David Toop, was used to describe a style of dancing that has much earlier roots in African-American culture. There would be regular breaks in the music during which dancers would execute a series of improvised steps. However, hip hop pioneer, DJ Kool Herc insists that the term 'break' comes from a slang word which means to go crazy. Breakdancers seem to go crazy when they are driven by the right beat.

It was DJ Kool Herc who coined the term b-boy in 1969. When performing in nightclubs in New York he would shout, 'b-boys go down' which cued the dancers to start breakdancing. The 'b' in 'b-boy' does not correspond to a particular word but might refer to 'Bronx', 'Boogie' or 'Break'. Old school dancers still prefer to use the term 'b-boy'.

Dance

Breakdance is not a folk dance. It is too new and is still evolving as a dance form, unlike folk dances which are bound by tradition. It originally would have been a social dance but today is mostly a performance dance.

As breakdancing was emerging in New York, other new dance forms, such as popping and boogaloo, were being created in California. Today, much of the hip hop dancing you will see is a combination of breakdancing and the west coast funk dances. In breakdancing each body movement has been classified into a distinct style, technique or genre of breaking and is similar in principle to others but characteristically different. The most common types of movements are:

Basic Moves

1. The 6-step resembles walking in a circle with one hand touching the ground. The 6-step is the building block for the rest of the dance, and is heavily 'teched' or modified to allow for variation and style.

2. Many believe that the dance move made famous by Michael Jackson is called the moonwalk. In actuality, it is called the backslide. This is where a dancer slides backward while their legs appear to be walking forward. When a true backslide is performed, the dancer glides around on their feet in a circular, rather than linear, path.

3. The Worm is a move in which a dancer lies on the ground and forms a rippling motion through his body.

Power Moves

1. Headspin The dancer spins on his head, often while wearing a stocking cap, handkerchief, or even helmet. When the dancer uses his hands to aid in speeding up the spin, it is called 'tapping'. A dancer may tap for a few rotations and then 'glide' for as many as 15 rotations.

2. The Windmill is a move in which the dancer spins from his upper back to his chest while twirling his legs around his body in a V-shape. The twirling of the legs is akin to twirling a math compass around in your hands. It is this leg motion that gives the breakdancer the majority of his power. The leg position and motion is seen in several other power moves, which makes the windmill an essential power move to learn first.

Battles

Much of being a successful breakdancer is about having style. Since anyone can learn to breakdance, the dancers must deviate from the set dances slightly to use their own style. In this way they can show-up other breakdancers during battles, thus winning the battle. A breakdancing battle is when dancers 'fight' against each other on the dance floor without contact. They form a circle and take turns trying to ②show each other up through either better style, more complex move combinations, or tougher moves. Usually, breakdancing battles would take place between two opposing breakdancing crews. Today serious battles are usually held at organized breakdance events. The most famous international event is the Battle of The Year held in Germany every year. This event stages competitions between crews from all over the world who perform choreographed dances. American crews rarely participate as they still prefer to practice improvised dance routines.

历史

纽约市的南布隆克斯区是街舞的发源地。街舞的最初开创者是居住在纽约更贫穷地区的非裔美国男青年和西班牙裔男青年。这种舞蹈受到了嘻哈乐、中国功夫片和一种叫做“卡波瑞拉舞”的非裔巴西人功夫舞的影响。在这些年轻人当中，有许多都是街头帮派成员，他们对功夫的兴趣是街舞得到发展的一大因素。而在他们打架时用到的步伐之中，有一些轻易地就转化成了在夜总会里的舞步。这就解释了为什么在今天街舞是一种极具挑衅性的舞蹈，会有舞者在“斗舞”中相互进行比拼。

有一个传说是关于一个名叫杰斯托・维埃拉的人的，此人是一位“卡波瑞拉舞”大师，在70年代的纽约从事着表演。他遇到了嘻哈团体“Rock Steady Crew”的成员（其中名气最大且经久不衰的成员是“Crazylegs”），并教授了他们一些“卡波瑞拉舞”舞步。“Rock Steady Crew”受到了这种舞步的影响，并开创了一种叫做“b-boying”的新型舞蹈形式。这个故事虽然无从核实，但这两种舞蹈确实具有惊人的相似之处。

“B-boying”是最早用来指代街舞的词汇，而且目前仍被街舞者中的许多人加以使用。“Breakdance（街舞）”是一个在80年代流行起来的词汇，而且是世界范围内指代这种舞蹈的最为通用的词汇。对于这个词语的使用，也许有两个原因。按照大卫・图普的说法，“break”这个词被用来描述一种与非裔美国人文化有着更深渊源的舞蹈。在音乐当中，会出现规律性的间歇，其间，舞者会即兴跳起一系列的舞步。然而，嘻哈乐的先锋人物DJ库尔・贺克则坚称，“break”这个词来自一个意为“发狂”的俚语词。当街舞者受到适当节奏的刺激，他们似乎就会发狂。

而在1969年发明“b-boy（街舞者）”一词的正是DJ库尔・贺克。在纽约的夜总会进行表演时，他就会大喊“b-boys go down”，暗示跳舞者开始跳街舞。“b-boy”中的“b”并非与某一个词语对应，而是可能指代“Bronx”、“Boogie”或“Break”。老派的舞者仍旧更喜欢使用“b-boy”这个词。

舞蹈

街舞并不是一种民间舞蹈。与受传统制约的民间舞蹈不同，它问世时间极短，仍旧在作为一种舞蹈形式进行着发展。它原本可能是一种交际舞，但如今却主要作为一种表演性舞蹈。

随着街舞在纽约的出现，在加利福尼亚州诞生了其它的新型舞蹈形式，如爆舞和布加洛舞。如今，在你所看到的嘻哈舞中，大部分都是街舞和西海岸疯克舞的结合。在街舞中，每一个肢体动作都被归为一种明确的风格、技巧或霹雳流派，并且在规则上与其它动作相仿但在特色方面却并不相同。最常见的动作类型有：

基本动作

1. “六步舞步”类似于只手撑地，划圈行走。“六步舞步”是这类舞蹈中其它步伐的基础，并且进行了大幅度的“特技调整”或改进，以便弄出花样和风格。

2. 许多人认为，因迈克尔・杰克逊而成名的那种动作叫太空步。实际上，它叫做“后滑步”。这个动作就是舞者在向后滑动的同时使其腿部看似是在向前走动。在表演真正的后滑步时，舞者是用他们的双脚按圆形路线进行滑移，而并非是按直线行进。

3. “蠕行舞步”是舞者躺在地面上、使其全身做出波浪形运动的动作。

力量型动作

1. 头部旋转舞者经常是在戴着绒线帽、头巾，甚至是头盔的同时，以其头部为支点进行旋转。当舞者用其双手来辅助加速旋转时，那就叫“打掌”。舞者可能会“打掌”几圈，随后就“滑行”15圈。

2. 风车是舞者将其双腿以V字形的姿势在身体上旋转的同时将旋转点由他的后背上方移到其前胸的动作。腿部的旋转类似于在你的手上转动圆规。而街舞者的力量来源大部分就是从这个腿部运动中获得的。这一腿部姿势和运动在其它几个力量型动作中也有，这就使“风车”成为了首先要学的力量型基本动作。

斗舞

成为一名成功的街舞者，主要是和形成风格有关。由于所有人都能学会跳街舞，所以舞者必须稍微偏离一下舞蹈定式，来使用其自身的风格。通过这种方式，他们就能在斗舞当中将其他街舞者比下去，从而在斗舞中取得胜利。街舞斗舞就是舞者在互不近身的情况下在舞池中互相“比拼”。他们围成一圈，轮流通过更棒的风格、更复杂的动作组合或是更难的动作来将其他人比下去。通常，街舞斗舞会在两个对立的街舞团体间展开。如今，正规的斗舞通常是在有组织的街舞赛事中举行。最著名的国际赛事是每年在德国举行的“年度斗舞”。这一赛事在来自全世界的、表演编舞的团体间举行竞赛。美国的团体很少参加，因为他们仍旧更喜欢表演即兴的舞步。